variety of semantic and low-level video features, shot boundary detection and the detection of story boundaries in broadcast TV news. This paper will give an introduction to information retrieval (IR) evaluation from both a user and a system perspective, highlighting that system evaluation is by far

Multicast stream authentication and signing is an important and challenging problem. Applications include the continuous authentication of radio and TV Internet broadcasts, and authenticated data distribution by satellite. The main challenges are fourfold. First, authenticity must be guaranteed

the users of the network have a variety of data rates. In Section IV we deal with packet broadcasting networks distributed in space, and in Section V we derive some properties of power-limited packet broadcasting channels, showing that the throughput of such channels can approach that of equivalent point

test of mobile TV services, demonstrating access to U.S. signals from Canada. While it is technically feasible to deliver over-the-air mobile broadcast-ing in Canada, it is likely that vertical integration in the broadcasting and communications sectors is creating barriers to the development

We analyse the rivalry between two TV-channels competing both on the market for audience and the market for advertising. We identify the nature of TV-programs emerging from this competition, and the quantity of advertising that TV-viewers will have to attend at equilibrium. Finally, we examine how

automatic subtitling of Parliament meetings

apport de recherche

Spoken language recognition in conversational telephone speech

This em pirical study investigates the differences in strategy use between advanced and intermediate Chinese EFLlearners when processing unfamiliar English idioms．The results show that（1）a variety of strategies are used when subjectsinitially process unfamiliar English idioms；（2）the subjects across proficiency levels vary in the overall frequencies with w hich they em ploy strategies as well as in the particular types of strategies they use to process unfamiliar EFLidioms initially；（3）guessing strategies are the highest－ranking category among both the advanced and the intermediate levelsubjects．This paper concludes with a num ber of pedagogical suggestions for the teaching and learning of English idioms． Key words English idiom com prehension；processing strategy；effects of learner proficiency

In its most common form, radio is used for the transmission of sounds (voice and music) and pictures (television). The sounds and images are converted into electrical signals by a microphone (sounds) or video camera (images), amplified, and used to modulate a carrier wave that has been generated by an oscillator circuit in a transmitter. The modulated carrier is also amplified, then applied to an antenna that converts the electrical signals to electromagnetic waves for radiation into space. Such waves radiate at the speed of light and are transmitted not only by line of sight but also by deflection from the ionosphere. Receiving antennas intercept part of this radiation, change it backto the form of electrical signals, and feed it to a receiver. The most efficient and most common circuit for radiofrequency selection and amplification used in radio receivers is the superheterodyne. In that system, incoming signals are mixed with a signal from a local oscillator to produce intermediate frequencies (IF) that are equal to the arithmetical sum and difference of the incoming and local frequencies. One of those frequencies is applied to an amplifier. Because the IF amplifier operates at a single frequency, namely the intermediate frequency, it can be built for optimum selectivity and gain. The tuning control on a radio receiver adjusts the local oscillator frequency. If the incoming signals are above the threshold of sensitivity of the receiver and if the receiver is tuned to the frequency of the signal, it will amplify