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of the twentieth century. MBA and similar graduate-level business programs took hold more slowly in other countries, but the number of such programs expanded more rapidly from the 1960s onward. In an effort to determine what firms from these countries require from business school graduates, the IFC used its extensive contacts with these firms to conduct a survey of the quality of business education in these countries. The survey results imply that the strengths and weaknesses of developing and transition country MBAs seem to overlap with those of MBAs from the U.S.: managers in the U.S. and in the developing countries find that the technical and analytical skills of MBAs are well developed while the practical training/skills and communication/language skills of MBAs are significantly lacking. On the whole, only the African and Middle Eastern firms were significantly dissatisfied with the quality of local MBA graduates. The survey results show that MBAs worldwide are not fully satisfying the needs of firms. Each of the other regions of the world has its own particular weaknesses, while at the same time some common weaknesses (such as work experience and communication skills) stand out. These results show that a `cookie-cutter' approach to training MBAs cannot work. Rather, MBA programs have to be tailored to suit the needs of the local business community while also teaching common business fundamentals.

Direct Investme t Tenvironment nor generate the desired externalities. But when other factors-such as A Review infrastructure, transport costs, and political and economic stability-are more or less Jacques Morisset equal, the taxes in one Neda Pirnia location may have a significant effect on investors' choices. This effect varies, however, depending on the tax instrument used, the characteristics of the multinational company, and the relationship between the tax systems of the home and recipient countries.

For decades environmental groups have tried to ‘green ’ the World Bank. Yet another part of the World Bank Group, the International Finance Corporation (IFC) has also been criticised for its involvement in environmentally destructive development. IFC finances private enterprise in developing

International Finance Corporation (IFC) and the

This paper aims to identify generally whether the growing discourse on international environmental justice can speak to the global environmental governance effects of foreign direct investment. The literature on international environmental justice (“IEJ”) is progressing to the point where

competitive internationally and attract sustainable foreign direct investment.

This article investigates the behavior of stock returns in the twenty stock markets

This paper develops a general framework for analyzing corporate risk management policies. We begin by observing that if external sources of finance are more costly to corporations than internally generated funds, there will typically be a benefit to hedging: hedging adds value to the extent

for the International Finance Corporation (IFC) &