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24,663
Stochastic relaxation, Gibbs distributions and the Bayesian restoration of images.
- IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell.
, 1984
"... Abstract-We make an analogy between images and statistical mechanics systems. Pixel gray levels and the presence and orientation of edges are viewed as states of atoms or molecules in a lattice-like physical system. The assignment of an energy function in the physical system determines its Gibbs di ..."
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Cited by 5126 (1 self)
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mechanisms, including blurring, nonlinear deformations, and multiplicative or additive noise, the posterior distribution is an MRF with a structure akin to the image model. By the analogy, the posterior distribution defines another (imaginary) physical system. Gradual temperature reduction in the physical
The Cougar Approach to In-Network Query Processing in Sensor Networks
- SIGMOD Record
, 2002
"... The widespread distribution and availability of smallscale sensors, actuators, and embedded processors is transforming the physical world into a computing platform. One such example is a sensor network consisting of a large number of sensor nodes that combine physical sensing capabilities such as te ..."
Abstract
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Cited by 498 (1 self)
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The widespread distribution and availability of smallscale sensors, actuators, and embedded processors is transforming the physical world into a computing platform. One such example is a sensor network consisting of a large number of sensor nodes that combine physical sensing capabilities
Scalable molecular dynamics with NAMD.
- J Comput Chem
, 2005
"... Abstract: NAMD is a parallel molecular dynamics code designed for high-performance simulation of large biomolecular systems. NAMD scales to hundreds of processors on high-end parallel platforms, as well as tens of processors on low-cost commodity clusters, and also runs on individual desktop and la ..."
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Cited by 849 (63 self)
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, and integration methods along with the efficient electrostatics evaluation algorithms employed and temperature and pressure controls used. Features for steering the simulation across barriers and for calculating both alchemical and conformational free energy differences are presented. The motivations for and a
Brain magnetic resonance imaging with contrast dependent on blood oxygenation.
- Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
, 1990
"... ABSTRACT Paramagnetic deoxyhemoglobin in venous blood is a naturally occurring contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). By accentuating the effects of this agent through the use of gradient-echo techniques in high fields, we demonstrate in vivo images of brain microvasculature with imag ..."
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Cited by 648 (1 self)
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the vessel wall. This increase in the number of spins affected by deoxyhemoglobin is a form of amplification. When the susceptibility-induced local field differences exist within an imaging voxel, there is a resultant distribution of shifts in water resonance frequencies. In the gradient-echo method, a phase
Observation of Bose-Einstein condensation in a dilute atomic vapor
- Science
, 1995
"... A Bose-Einstein condensate was produced in a vapor of rubidium-87 atoms that was confined by magnetic fields and evaporatively cooled. The condensate fraction first appeared near a temperature of 170 nanokelvin and a number density of 2.5 x 1012 per cubic centimeter and could be preserved for more t ..."
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Cited by 354 (7 self)
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temperature was lowered. (iii) The peak exhibited a nonthermal, anisotropic velocity distribution expected of the minimum-energy quantum state of the magnetic trap in contrast to the isotropic, thermal velocity distribution observed in the broad uncondensed fraction. On the microscopic quantum level
Radiosity and Realistic Image Synthesis
, 1993
"... this paper, such as the global distribution of radiative energy in the tree crowns, which affects the amount of light reaching the leaves and the local temperature of plant organs. The presented framework itself is also open to further research. To begin, the precise functional specification of the ..."
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Cited by 355 (0 self)
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this paper, such as the global distribution of radiative energy in the tree crowns, which affects the amount of light reaching the leaves and the local temperature of plant organs. The presented framework itself is also open to further research. To begin, the precise functional specification
Automatic Symbolic Verification of Embedded Systems
, 1996
"... We present a model-checking procedure and its implementation for the automatic verification of embedded systems. The system components are described as Hybrid Automata -- communicating machines with finite control and real-valued variables that represent continuous environment parameters such as tim ..."
Abstract
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Cited by 330 (24 self)
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such as time, pressure, and temperature. The system requirements are specified in a temporal logic with stop watches, and verified by symbolic fixpoint computation. The verification procedure -- implemented in the Cornell Hybrid Technology Tool, HyTech -- applies to hybrid automata whose continuous dynamics
Radiative forcing and climate response
- J. Geophys. Res
, 1997
"... Abstract. We examine the sensitivity of a climate model to a wide range of radiative forcings, including changes of solar irradiance, atmospheric CO2, 03, CFCs, clouds, aerosols, surface •bedo, and a "ghost " forcing introduced at arbitrary heights, latitudes, longitudes, seasons, and time ..."
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Cited by 323 (4 self)
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magnitude measured in watts per square meter. The consistency of the response among different forcings is higher, within 20 % or better, for most of the globally distributed forcingsuspected of influencinglobal mean temperature in the past century, but exceptions occur for certain changes of ozone
2005 A Pliocene-Pleistocene stack of 57 globally distributed benthic ?18O records. Paleoceanography 20: PA1003
- Holocene development of the Yellow River's subaqueous delta, North Yellow Sea. Marine Geology
, 2005
"... [1] We present a 5.3-Myr stack (the ‘‘LR04’ ’ stack) of benthic d 18 O records from 57 globally distributed sites aligned by an automated graphic correlation algorithm. This is the first benthic d 18 O stack composed of more than three records to extend beyond 850 ka, and we use its improved signal ..."
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Cited by 304 (4 self)
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[1] We present a 5.3-Myr stack (the ‘‘LR04’ ’ stack) of benthic d 18 O records from 57 globally distributed sites aligned by an automated graphic correlation algorithm. This is the first benthic d 18 O stack composed of more than three records to extend beyond 850 ka, and we use its improved signal
Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Gas of Sodium Atoms
, 1995
"... We have observed Bose-Einstein condensation of sodium atoms. The atoms were trapped in a novel trap that employed both magnetic and optical forces. Evaporative cooling increased the phase-space density by 6 orders of magnitude within seven seconds. Condensates contained up to 5 3 10 5 atoms at dens ..."
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Cited by 282 (6 self)
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at densities exceeding 10 14 cm 23 . The striking signature of Bose condensation was the sudden appearance of a bimodal velocity distribution below the critical temperature of ϳ 2 mK. The distribution consisted of an isotropic thermal distribution and an elliptical core attributed to the expansion of a dense
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