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Stalking the perfect measure of implicit self-esteem: The blind men and the elephant revisited

by Jennifer K. Bosson, William B. Swann, James W. Pennebaker - Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 2000
"... Recent interest in the implicit self-esteem construct has led to the creation and use of several new assessment toots whose psychometric properties have not been fully explored. In this article, the authors investigated the reliability and validity of seven implicit self-esteem measures. The differe ..."
Abstract - Cited by 192 (8 self) - Add to MetaCart
variables. Finally, there was some evidence that implicit self-esteem measures are sensitive to context. The implications of these findings for the future of implicit self-esteem research are discussed. According to Indian folklore, there were once six blind men who had heard of the animal called

Implicit social cognition: Attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes

by Anthony G. Greenwald, Mahzarin R. Banaji - Psychological Review , 1995
"... Social behavior is ordinarily treated as being under conscious (if not always thoughtful) control. However, considerable evidence now supports the view that social behavior often operates in an implicit or unconscious fashion. The identifying feature of implicit cognition is that past experience inf ..."
Abstract - Cited by 687 (65 self) - Add to MetaCart
influences judgment in a fashion not introspectively known by the actor. The present conclusion— that attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes have important implicit modes of operation—extends both the construct validity and predictive usefulness of these major theoretical constructs of social psychology

Using the Implicit Association Test to measure self-esteem and self-concept

by Anthony G. Greenwald, Shelly D. Farnham, D. E. Mcghee - Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 2000
"... Schwartz, 1998) to measure self-esteem by assessing automatic associations of self with positive or negative valence. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) showed that two IAT measures defined a factor that was distinct from, but weakly correlated with, a factor defined by standard explicit (self-repor ..."
Abstract - Cited by 257 (24 self) - Add to MetaCart
. This research developed from the assumption that distinct im-plicit and explicit self-esteem constructs require different measure-ment strategies. In particular, the research pursued implications of Greenwald and Banaji's (1995) definition of implicit self-esteem as "the introspectively unidentified

Social stigma and self-esteem: The selfprotective properties of stigma

by Jennifer Crocker, Brenda Major - Psychological Review , 1989
"... Although several psychological theories predict that members of stigmatized groups should have low global self-esteem, empirical research typically does not support this prediction. It is proposed here that this discrepancy may be explained by considering the ways in which membership in a stigmatize ..."
Abstract - Cited by 439 (12 self) - Add to MetaCart
Although several psychological theories predict that members of stigmatized groups should have low global self-esteem, empirical research typically does not support this prediction. It is proposed here that this discrepancy may be explained by considering the ways in which membership in a

Understanding and using the Implicit Association Test: I. An improved scoring algorithm

by Anthony G. Greenwald, T. Andrew Poehlman, Eric Luis Uhlmann, Mahzarin R. Banaji, Anthony G. Greenwald - Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 2003
"... behavior relations Greenwald et al. Predictive validity of the IAT (Draft of 30 Dec 2008) 2 Abstract (131 words) This review of 122 research reports (184 independent samples, 14,900 subjects), found average r=.274 for prediction of behavioral, judgment, and physiological measures by Implic ..."
Abstract - Cited by 632 (94 self) - Add to MetaCart
by Implicit Association Test (IAT) measures. Parallel explicit (i.e., self-report) measures, available in 156 of these samples (13,068 subjects), also predicted effectively (average r=.361), but with much greater variability of effect size. Predictive validity of self-report was impaired for socially

Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being

by Carol D. Ryff , 1989
"... Reigning measures of psychological well-being have little theoretical grounding, despite an extensive literature on the contours of positive functioning. Aspects of well-being derived from this literature (i.e., self-acceptance, positive relations with others, autonomy, environmental mastery, purpos ..."
Abstract - Cited by 595 (14 self) - Add to MetaCart
, purpose in life, and personal growth) were operationalized. Three hundred and twenty-one men and women, divided among young, middle-aged, and older adults, rated themselves on these measures along with six instruments prominent in earlier studies (i.e., affect balance, life satisfaction, self-esteem

Implicit learning and tacit knowledge

by Arthur S. Reber - Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , 1989
"... I examine the phenomenon of implicit learning, the process by which knowledge about the rale-governed complexities of the stimulus environment is acquired independently of conscious attempts to do so. Our research with the two, seemingly disparate experimental paradigms of synthetic grammar learning ..."
Abstract - Cited by 425 (1 self) - Add to MetaCart
I examine the phenomenon of implicit learning, the process by which knowledge about the rale-governed complexities of the stimulus environment is acquired independently of conscious attempts to do so. Our research with the two, seemingly disparate experimental paradigms of synthetic grammar

Working Knowledge

by Thomas Davenport, Laurence Prusak, Gary Wills, Harith Alani, Ronald Ashri, Richard Crowder, Yannis Kalfoglou, Sanghee Kim , 1998
"... While knowledge is viewed by many as an asset, it is often difficult to locate particular items within a large electronic corpus. This paper presents an agent based framework for the location of resources to resolve a specific query, and considers the associated design issue. Aspects of the work ..."
Abstract - Cited by 527 (0 self) - Add to MetaCart
presented complements current research into both expertise finders and recommender systems. The essential issues for the proposed design are scalability, together with the ability to learn and adapt to changing resources. As knowledge is often implicit within electronic resources, and therefore

A social-cognitive approach to motivation and personality

by Carol S. Dweck, Ellen L. Leggett - Psychological Review , 1988
"... Past work has documented and described major patterns of adaptive and maladaptive behavior: the mastery-oriented and the helpless patterns. In this article, we present a research-based model that accounts for these patterns in terms of underlying psychological processes. The model specifies how indi ..."
Abstract - Cited by 964 (20 self) - Add to MetaCart
Past work has documented and described major patterns of adaptive and maladaptive behavior: the mastery-oriented and the helpless patterns. In this article, we present a research-based model that accounts for these patterns in terms of underlying psychological processes. The model specifies how

Eliciting self-explanations improves understanding

by Michelene T. H. Chi, Nicholas De Leeuw, Mei-hung Chiu, Christian Lavancher - Cognitive Science , 1994
"... Learning involves the integration of new information into existing knowledge. Generoting explanations to oneself (self-explaining) facilitates that integration process. Previously, self-explanation has been shown to improve the acquisition of problem-solving skills when studying worked-out examples. ..."
Abstract - Cited by 577 (22 self) - Add to MetaCart
implicitly stated. Understanding was further captured by a mental model onolysis of the self-explanation protocols. High explainers all achieved the correct mental model of the circulatory system, whereas many of the unprompted students as well as the low explainers did not. Three processing characteristics
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