Making decisions is like speaking prose-people do it all the time, knowingly or unknowingly. It is hardly surprising, then, that the topic of decision making is shared by many disciplines, from mathematics and statistics, through economics and political science, to sociology and psychology

We study the problem of risk sharing within a household facing subjective uncertainty. A household shares uncertain prospects using a social welfare function. We characterize the social welfare functions such that the household is collectively less risk averse than each member, and satisfies

approach does not constrain the sample of trees only to those that contain the ancestral node or nodes of interest, and we show how to reconstruct ancestral states of uncertain nodes using a most-recent-common-ancestor approach. We illustrate the methods with data on ribonuclease evolution

be useful in designing interventions to modify medicine sharing behavior. However, it is uncertain how people situate medicines among other items that might be shared. This investigation is a descriptive study of how people sort medicines and other shareable items. Methods and Findings: This study

person-year, and up to 1.1 episodes per year for children <5 years of age (2). Household transmission of infectious gastroenteritis is likely to account for a substantial portion of community incidence. With the exception of a few prospective studies (3,4), studies of household transmis-

(single, cohabiting, living with spouse, living alone etc.). In this application, uncertainty in the total numbers of households of different types derives primarily from random shares, rather than uncertain future population size. A similar method could be applied to obtain probabilistic forecasts

Abstract This paper analyses the agreed choices, from uncertain financial prospects, of a group of individuals. The group's agreed choices will conform to Expected Utility theory, if each individual has constant absolute risk-aversion, and if they share risk efficiently.

tribute to the pathogenesis of urinary tract infection (UTI), but this is poorly understood. Methods. A woman with acute UTI, 4 human household members who cohabitated with her, and the family’s pet dog underwent prospective longitudinal surveillance for colonizing E. coli for 7–9 weeks after

the prospect of shared child custody affects within-marriage time allocation. Our results suggest custody reform induces a reallocation of time within marriage, with mothers working more in the market and fathers working more in the home.

since single crop production enterprises are subject to a high degree of risk and uncertainty because of seasonal, irregular and uncertain income and employment to the farmers. Integrated Farming System (IFS) can eradicate all these constraints by not only solving most of the existing economic and even