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Seven principles for good practice in undergraduate education

by W. Chickering, Zelda F. Gamson , 1987
"... Apathetic students, illiterate graduates, incompetent teaching, impersonal campuses-- so rolls the drumfire of criticism of higher education. More than two years of reports have spelled out the problems. States have been quick to respond by holding out carrots and beating with sticks. There are neit ..."
Abstract - Cited by 799 (0 self) - Add to MetaCart
These seven principles are not ten commandments shrunk to a twentieth century attention span. They are intended as guidelines for faculty members, students, and administrators-- with support from state agencies and trustees-- to improve teaching and learning. These principles seem like good common sense

Corporate Ownership Around The World

by Rafael La Porta, Florencio Lopez-de-Silanes, Andrei Shleifer , 1998
"... We present data on ownership structures of large corporations in 27 wealthy economies, making an effort to identify the ultimate controlling shareholders of these firms. We find that, except in economies with very good shareholder protection, relatively few of these firms are widely held, in contras ..."
Abstract - Cited by 1163 (30 self) - Add to MetaCart
We present data on ownership structures of large corporations in 27 wealthy economies, making an effort to identify the ultimate controlling shareholders of these firms. We find that, except in economies with very good shareholder protection, relatively few of these firms are widely held

Model Checking Programs

by Willem Visser, Klaus Havelund, GUILLAUME BRAT, SEUNGJOON PARK, FLAVIO LERDA , 2003
"... The majority of work carried out in the formal methods community throughout the last three decades has (for good reasons) been devoted to special languages designed to make it easier to experiment with mechanized formal methods such as theorem provers, proof checkers and model checkers. In this pape ..."
Abstract - Cited by 592 (63 self) - Add to MetaCart
The majority of work carried out in the formal methods community throughout the last three decades has (for good reasons) been devoted to special languages designed to make it easier to experiment with mechanized formal methods such as theorem provers, proof checkers and model checkers

Stochastic relaxation, Gibbs distributions and the Bayesian restoration of images.

by Stuart Geman , Donald Geman - IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. , 1984
"... Abstract-We make an analogy between images and statistical mechanics systems. Pixel gray levels and the presence and orientation of edges are viewed as states of atoms or molecules in a lattice-like physical system. The assignment of an energy function in the physical system determines its Gibbs di ..."
Abstract - Cited by 5126 (1 self) - Add to MetaCart
Abstract-We make an analogy between images and statistical mechanics systems. Pixel gray levels and the presence and orientation of edges are viewed as states of atoms or molecules in a lattice-like physical system. The assignment of an energy function in the physical system determines its Gibbs

What Can Economists Learn from Happiness Research?

by Bruno S. Frey, Alois Stutzer - FORTHCOMING IN JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC LITERATURE , 2002
"... Happiness is generally considered to be an ultimate goal in life; virtually everybody wants to be happy. The United States Declaration of Independence of 1776 takes it as a self-evident truth that the “pursuit of happiness” is an “unalienable right”, comparable to life and liberty. It follows that e ..."
Abstract - Cited by 545 (24 self) - Add to MetaCart
Happiness is generally considered to be an ultimate goal in life; virtually everybody wants to be happy. The United States Declaration of Independence of 1776 takes it as a self-evident truth that the “pursuit of happiness” is an “unalienable right”, comparable to life and liberty. It follows

Rethinking individualism and collectivism: Evaluation of theoretical assumptions and meta-analyses

by Daphna Oyserman, Heather M. Coon, Markus Kemmelmeier - Psychological Bulletin , 2002
"... Are Americans more individualistic and less collectivistic than members of other groups? The authors summarize plausible psychological implications of individualism–collectivism (IND-COL), meta-analyze cross-national and within-United States IND-COL differences, and review evidence for effects of IN ..."
Abstract - Cited by 520 (11 self) - Add to MetaCart
Are Americans more individualistic and less collectivistic than members of other groups? The authors summarize plausible psychological implications of individualism–collectivism (IND-COL), meta-analyze cross-national and within-United States IND-COL differences, and review evidence for effects

Consistent hashing and random trees: Distributed caching protocols for relieving hot spots on the World Wide Web

by David Karger, Eric Lehman, Tom Leighton, Matthew Levine, Daniel Lewin, Rina Panigrahy - IN PROC. 29TH ACM SYMPOSIUM ON THEORY OF COMPUTING (STOC , 1997
"... We describe a family of caching protocols for distrib-uted networks that can be used to decrease or eliminate the occurrence of hot spots in the network. Our protocols are particularly designed for use with very large networks such as the Internet, where delays caused by hot spots can be severe, and ..."
Abstract - Cited by 699 (10 self) - Add to MetaCart
, and where it is not feasible for every server to have complete information about the current state of the entire network. The protocols are easy to implement using existing network protocols such as TCP/IP, and require very little overhead. The protocols work with local control, make efficient use

Monopolistic competition and optimum product diversity. The American Economic Review,

by Avinash K Dixit , Joseph E Stiglitz , Harold Hotelling , Nicholas Stern , Kelvin Lancaster , Stiglitz , 1977
"... The basic issue concerning production in welfare economics is whether a market solution will yield the socially optimum kinds and quantities of commodities. It is well known that problems can arise for three broad reasons: distributive justice; external effects; and scale economies. This paper is c ..."
Abstract - Cited by 1911 (5 self) - Add to MetaCart
is concerned with the last of these. The basic principle is easily stated.' A commodity should be produced if the costs can be covered by the sum of revenues and a properly defined measure of consumer's surplus. The optimum amount is then found by equating the demand price and the marginal cost

Receiver-driven Layered Multicast

by Steven McCanne, Van Jacobson, Martin Vetterli , 1996
"... State of the art, real-time, rate-adaptive, multimedia applications adjust their transmission rate to match the available network capacity. Unfortunately, this source-based rate-adaptation performs poorly in a heterogeneous multicast environment because there is no single target rate — the conflicti ..."
Abstract - Cited by 737 (22 self) - Add to MetaCart
State of the art, real-time, rate-adaptive, multimedia applications adjust their transmission rate to match the available network capacity. Unfortunately, this source-based rate-adaptation performs poorly in a heterogeneous multicast environment because there is no single target rate

Loopy belief propagation for approximate inference: An empirical study. In:

by Kevin P Murphy , Yair Weiss , Michael I Jordan - Proceedings of Uncertainty in AI, , 1999
"... Abstract Recently, researchers have demonstrated that "loopy belief propagation" -the use of Pearl's polytree algorithm in a Bayesian network with loops -can perform well in the context of error-correcting codes. The most dramatic instance of this is the near Shannon-limit performanc ..."
Abstract - Cited by 676 (15 self) - Add to MetaCart
in a more gen eral setting? We compare the marginals com puted using loopy propagation to the exact ones in four Bayesian network architectures, including two real-world networks: ALARM and QMR. We find that the loopy beliefs of ten converge and when they do, they give a good approximation
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