We discuss how fragmentation of resources and habitat operate differently on species diversity across spatial scales, ranging from positive effects on local species coexistence to negative effect on intermediate spatial scales, to again positive effects on large spatial and temporal scales. Species

is simulated without pronunciation rules, and lexical decisions are simulated without accessing word-level representations. The performance of the model is largely determined by three factors: the nature of the input, a significant fragment of written English; the learning rule, which encodes the implicit

Web search tasks on mobile phone while moving through nine varied but typical urban situations. Notably, we discovered up to eight-fold differentials between micro-level measurements of attentional resource fragmentation, for example from spans of over 16 seconds in a laboratory condition dropping

When logic programming is based on the proof theory of intuitionistic logic, it is natural to allow implications in goals and in the bodies of clauses. Attempting to prove a goal of the form D ⊃ G from the context (set of formulas) Γ leads to an attempt to prove the goal G in the extended context Γ

This paper introduces new learning algorithms for natural language processing based on the perceptron algorithm. We show how the algorithms can be efficiently applied to exponential sized representations of parse trees, such as the "all subtrees" (DOP) representation described by (Bod

member of this class, for which the power is negative. This “anti-kt ” algorithm essentially behaves like an idealised cone algorithm, in that jets with only soft fragmentation are conical, active and passive areas are equal, the area anomalous dimensions are zero, the non-global logarithms are those

of the evaluation of several fragments of the language. Among other complexity results, we show that the evaluation of general SPARQL patterns is PSPACE-complete. We identify a large class of SPARQL patterns, defined by imposing a simple and natural syntactic restriction, where the query evaluation problem can

The discovery of specific restriction e donucleases (Smith and Wilcox 1970) made possible the isolation of discrete molecular fragments of naturally occurring DNA for the first time. This capability was crucial to the development of molecular cloning (Cohen et al. 1973); and the combination

16S rRNA from total community DNA. The PCR product was digested with restriction enzymes, and the fluorescently labeled terminal restriction fragment was precisely measured by using an automated DNA sequencer. Computersimulated analysis of terminal restriction fragment length polymorphisms (T

Abstract This chapter addresses the issue of human speech communication, focussing not upon the linguistic aspects of speech, but rather on its structure and use in interactive discourse. We show that prosody functions to signal much more than syntactic or semantic relationships. Keywords: Speech Communication, Affect, Discourse, Synthesis, Recognition. This paper addresses the issue of expressive speech processing. It attempts to explain a mechanism for expressiveness in speech, and proposes a novel dimension of spoken language processing for speech technology applications, showing that although great progress has already been made, there is still much to be done before we can consider speech processing to be a truly mature technology. There have been considerable and rapid advances made in the various component technologies over the past ten years, and we now see functioning speech translation devices that are capable of mediating a conversation between people who do not even speak the same language. For fixed-domain applications such as travel or shopping assistance, these devices are capable of recognising speech input in several languages, converting the speech to text, translating the text, and then converting the