Event-based programming has been studied little, yet recent work suggests that language paradigm can predict programming strategies and performance. A contextual inquiry of four expert programmers using the Alice 3D programming environment was performed in order to discover how event

There is widespread anecdotal evidence that expert programmers make use of visual mental images when they are designing programs. In this study, expert programmers were directly questioned regarding the nature of their mental representations while they were engaged in a design task

Newcomer and expert programmers often interact with development artifacts differently. Ideally, software development tools should support these different styles of work. In this paper, we describe our investigations into the interaction difference between newcomers and experts, regarding two

in applications that are inefficient and hard to maintain and extend. Increasingly, software system professionals are discovering just how difficult it is to work with these inherited, "non-optimal" applications. For several years, expert-level object programmers have employed a growing collection

procedural/object. In this research, progressively refined methods of investigating Beacon-like features (the surface features of computer programs that serve as keys to facilitate program comprehension) were used to determine how programmers from different experience levels understand a typical

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of the performance achieved by the programmer. Following the experimental section each approach is critiqued by the other. Perceived flaws, advantages and common ground are outlined, with an eye to improving both schemes. Keywords: Distributed Shared Memory, Expert Programmer, Parallelising Compiler, Performance

different (perhaps competing) vendors, usually without source code available. Typical solutions-provider employees are not always skilled or experienced enough to debug these systems efficiently. Our goal is to design tools that enable modestly-skilled programmers (and experts, too) to isolate performance

ABSTRACT This article critically examines current parallel programming practice and optimizing compiler development. The general strategies employed by compiler and programmer to optimize a Fortran program are described, and then illustrated for a specific case by applying them to a well

be in cases where the programmers (or knowledge engineers) did not anticipate significant possibilities? How can a 'knowledge base * be subjected to standards of accountability? Who is responsible for what an expert system contains and what it does?