This paper is essentially tutorial in nature. We show how any discrete wavelet transform or two band subband filtering with finite filters can be decomposed into a finite sequence of simple filtering steps, which we call lifting steps but that are also known as ladder structures

Marketing research is probably the single most important factor to the overall success of any business. It is also probably the least understood, and feared portion of a business plan. A case could be made that some aspect of your marketing plan should be a primary consideration in every business decision that is made, for without customers, there would be no business. It is critical that you understand your customers, what they want, how they want it, what they are willing to do or pay to get it, and then make sure you meet those criteria. Not to promote a misperception, but I know that farmers are notorious for producing something and then wanting to find a place to sell or market it. Talk to anyone in any type of office that assists farmers, and I bet that everyone has received a call that starts with; I need you to find me a market for …..(You can fill in the blank with just about anything imaginable). The point here is not to make fun of farmers, my dad is a farmer, and folks tell me it also happens in other places with different types of products. It is just to point out that since we are focusing on agricultural commodities, it is just as important to secure a market for your products as it is if you were producing computers,

• Essential steps of botulinum neurotoxin mechanism • Literature review • Current status Currently, a cell-based assay is not available for botulinum toxin-based product release ICCVAM/NICEATM/ECVAM Workshop 3B, 13 November 2006 2Objective: Replacement • Cell-based potency assay for botulinum toxin

these methods to the essential. This leads to a combination of novel detection, description, and matching steps. The paper presents experimental results on a standard evaluation set, as well as on imagery obtained in the context of a real-life object recognition application. Both show SURF’s strong performance

evolution proceeds in a tree-like manner, analysis of the data may not be best served by using methods that enforce a tree structure, but rather by a richer visualization of the data to evaluate its properties, at least as an essential first step. Thus, phylogenetic networks should be employed when

We introduce the concept of Graspable User Interfaces which allow direct control of electronic or virtual objects through physical handles for control. These physical artifacts are essentially new input devices which can be tightly coupled or “attached ” to virtual objects for manipulation

We have systematically made a set of precisely defined, single-gene deletions of all nonessential genes in Escherichia coli K-12. Open-reading frame coding regions were replaced with a kanamycin cassette flanked by FLP recognition target sites by using a one-step method for inactivation

to obtain the 3-billion-base human genome sequence by the target date of 2005. To reach this goal, improved automation will be essential, and it is particularly important that human involvement in sequence data processing be significantly reduced or eliminated. Progress in this respect will require both

Within the context of new product development processes and the Creative Problem Solving (CPS) process, the authors have come to the view that clustering is to be seen as a separate step in the process of diverging and converging. Clustering is generally presented as part of the converging stages

that at least 300 000–500 000 people are presently infected. Despite the almost universal presence of the vector in sub-Saharan Africa and the existence of an animal parasite reservoir, it is technically feasible to control and eliminate the disease as a public health problem. The authors describe, step-by-step