Results 1 - 10 of 157,081

Predictive reward signal of dopamine neurons

by Wolfram Schultz - Journal of Neurophysiology , 1998
"... Schultz, Wolfram. Predictive reward signal of dopamine neurons. is called rewards, which elicit and reinforce approach behav-J. Neurophysiol. 80: 1–27, 1998. The effects of lesions, receptor ior. The functions of rewards were developed further during blocking, electrical self-stimulation, and drugs ..."
Abstract - Cited by 747 (12 self) - Add to MetaCart
Schultz, Wolfram. Predictive reward signal of dopamine neurons. is called rewards, which elicit and reinforce approach behav-J. Neurophysiol. 80: 1–27, 1998. The effects of lesions, receptor ior. The functions of rewards were developed further during blocking, electrical self-stimulation, and drugs

A Meta-Analytic Review of Experiments Examining the Effects of Extrinsic Rewards on Intrinsic Motivation

by Edward L. Deci, Richard Koestner, Richard M. Ryan
"... A meta-analysis of 128 studies examined the effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation. As predicted, engagement-contingent, completion-contingent, and performance-contingent rewards signifi-cantly undermined free-choice intrinsic motivation (d =-0.40,-0.36, and-0.28, respectively), as did ..."
Abstract - Cited by 664 (18 self) - Add to MetaCart
A meta-analysis of 128 studies examined the effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation. As predicted, engagement-contingent, completion-contingent, and performance-contingent rewards signifi-cantly undermined free-choice intrinsic motivation (d =-0.40,-0.36, and-0.28, respectively

Monads for functional programming

by Philip Wadler , 1995
"... The use of monads to structure functional programs is described. Monads provide a convenient framework for simulating effects found in other languages, such as global state, exception handling, output, or non-determinism. Three case studies are looked at in detail: how monads ease the modification o ..."
Abstract - Cited by 1487 (43 self) - Add to MetaCart
The use of monads to structure functional programs is described. Monads provide a convenient framework for simulating effects found in other languages, such as global state, exception handling, output, or non-determinism. Three case studies are looked at in detail: how monads ease the modification

The structure and function of complex networks

by M. E. J. Newman - SIAM REVIEW , 2003
"... Inspired by empirical studies of networked systems such as the Internet, social networks, and biological networks, researchers have in recent years developed a variety of techniques and models to help us understand or predict the behavior of these systems. Here we review developments in this field, ..."
Abstract - Cited by 2600 (7 self) - Add to MetaCart
, including such concepts as the small-world effect, degree distributions, clustering, network correlations, random graph models, models of network growth and preferential attachment, and dynamical processes taking place on networks.

Experimental Estimates of Education Production Functions

by Alan B. Krueger - Princeton University, Industrial Relations Section Working Paper No. 379 , 1997
"... This paper analyzes data on 11,600 students and their teachers who were randomly assigned to different size classes from kindergarten through third grade. Statistical methods are used to adjust for nonrandom attrition and transitions between classes. The main conclusions are (1) on average, performa ..."
Abstract - Cited by 529 (19 self) - Add to MetaCart
effect; (4) class size has a larger effect for minority students and those on free lunch; (5) Hawthorne effects were unlikely. I.

An integrative theory of prefrontal cortex function.

by Earl K Miller , Jonathan D Cohen - Annual Review of Neuroscience, , 2001
"... Abstract The prefrontal cortex has long been suspected to play an important role in cognitive control, in the ability to orchestrate thought and action in accordance with internal goals. Its neural basis, however, has remained a mystery. Here, we propose that cognitive control stems from the active ..."
Abstract - Cited by 1093 (20 self) - Add to MetaCart
the active maintenance of patterns of activity in the prefrontal cortex that represent goals and the means to achieve them. They provide bias signals to other brain structures whose net effect is to guide the flow of activity along neural pathways that establish the proper mappings between inputs, internal

A model for technical inefficiency effects in a stochastic frontier production function for panel data

by G. E. Battese - Empirical Economics , 1995
"... Abstract: A stochastic frontier production function is defined for panel data on firms, in which the non-negative technical inetGciency effects are assumed to be a function of firm-specific variables and time. The inefficiency effects are assumed to be independently distributed as truncations of nor ..."
Abstract - Cited by 555 (4 self) - Add to MetaCart
Abstract: A stochastic frontier production function is defined for panel data on firms, in which the non-negative technical inetGciency effects are assumed to be a function of firm-specific variables and time. The inefficiency effects are assumed to be independently distributed as truncations

Functional discovery via a compendium of expression profiles.

by Timothy R Hughes , Matthew J Marton , Allan R Jones , Christopher J Roberts , Roland Stoughton , Christopher D Armour , Holly A Bennett , Ernest Coffey , Hongyue Dai , Ross-Macdonald , Yudong D He , Matthew J Kidd , Amy M King , Michael R Meyer , David Slade , Pek Y Lum , Sergey B Stepaniants , Daniel D Shoemaker , Julian Simon , Martin Bard - Cell, , 2000
"... provided that the cellular transcriptional response to frames encode proteins required for sterol metabodisruption of different steps in the same pathway is lism, cell wall function, mitochondrial respiration, or similar, and that there are sufficiently unique transcripprotein synthesis. We also sh ..."
Abstract - Cited by 547 (9 self) - Add to MetaCart
provided that the cellular transcriptional response to frames encode proteins required for sterol metabodisruption of different steps in the same pathway is lism, cell wall function, mitochondrial respiration, or similar, and that there are sufficiently unique transcripprotein synthesis. We also

Thresholding of statistical maps in functional neuroimaging using the false discovery rate.

by Christopher R Genovese , Nicole A Lazar , Thomas Nichols - NeuroImage , 2002
"... Finding objective and effective thresholds for voxelwise statistics derived from neuroimaging data has been a long-standing problem. With at least one test performed for every voxel in an image, some correction of the thresholds is needed to control the error rates, but standard procedures for mult ..."
Abstract - Cited by 521 (9 self) - Add to MetaCart
Finding objective and effective thresholds for voxelwise statistics derived from neuroimaging data has been a long-standing problem. With at least one test performed for every voxel in an image, some correction of the thresholds is needed to control the error rates, but standard procedures

Reconstruction and Representation of 3D Objects with Radial Basis Functions

by J. C. Carr, R. K. Beatson, J. B. Cherrie, T. J. Mitchell, W. R. Fright, B. C. McCallum, T. R. Evans - Computer Graphics (SIGGRAPH ’01 Conf. Proc.), pages 67–76. ACM SIGGRAPH , 2001
"... We use polyharmonic Radial Basis Functions (RBFs) to reconstruct smooth, manifold surfaces from point-cloud data and to repair incomplete meshes. An object's surface is defined implicitly as the zero set of an RBF fitted to the given surface data. Fast methods for fitting and evaluating RBFs al ..."
Abstract - Cited by 505 (1 self) - Add to MetaCart
non-interpolating approximation when the data is noisy. The functional representation is in effect a solid model, which means that gradients and surface normals can be determined analytically. This helps generate uniform meshes and we show that the RBF representation has advantages for mesh
Results 1 - 10 of 157,081