the level and interest rate sensitivity of early withdrawals of retail time deposits using panel data from the Thrift Financial Report. We find that longer-maturity time deposit portfolios commonly experience early withdrawals at economically significant levels. Further, we find that depositors respond

, then, that the rules governing access to these accounts before retirement properly balance family needs during periods of financial stress against safeguards that prevent spending the money on nonessential consumption. This brief examines early withdrawals from retirement savings plans. We review

A crosscutting team of Urban Institute experts in Social Security, labor markets, savings behavior, tax and budget policy, and micro-simulation modeling ponder the aging of American society. The aging of America raises many questions about what’s in store for future and current retirees and whether society can sustain current systems that support the retired population. Who will prosper? Who won’t? Many good things are happening too, like longer life and better health. Although much of the baby boom generation will be better off than those retiring today, many face uncertain prospects. Especially vulnerable are divorced women, single mothers, never-married men, high school dropouts, and lower-income African-Americans and Hispanics. Even Social Security—which tends to equalize the distribution of retirement income by paying low-income people more then they put in and wealthier contributors less—may not make them financially secure. Uncertainty about whether workers today are saving enough for retirement further complicates the outlook. New trends in employment, employer-sponsored pensions, and health insurance influence retirement decisions and financial security at older ages. And, the sheer number of reform proposals, such as personal retirement accounts to augment traditional Social Security or changes in the Medicare eligibility age, makes solid analyses imperative. Urban Institute researchers assess how current retirement policies, demographic trends, and private sector practices influence older Americans ’ security and decision-making. Numerous studies and reports provide objective,

Background: There is increasing interest in the non– lipid-lowering effects of statins and their effect on out-comes in patients with acute coronary syndrome. It has been suggested that withdrawal of statin therapy during an acute coronary syndrome may attenuate any benefits of pretreatment

At what point does an IRA with an early withdrawal penalty accumulate more wealth than a fully taxable investment? This paper models breakeven holding periods, allowing tax rates to change and the annual return to be partitioned into ordinary income, realized capital gains, and unrealized capital

Abstract Early withdrawals from retirement accounts are a double-edged sword, because withdrawals reduce retirement resources, but they also allow individuals to smooth consumption when they experience demographic and economic shocks. We show that pre-retirement withdrawals trended up between 2004

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At high risk for early withdraw

Loans are illiquid when a lender needs relationship-specific skills to collect them. Consequently, if the relationship lender needs funds before the loan matures, she may demand to liquidate early, or require a return premium, when she lends directly. Borrowers also risk losing funding. The costs

. This lets us compute the probability of a bank run and relate it to the parameters of the demand deposit contract. We find that offering a higher return to agents demanding early withdrawal makes the bank more vulnerable to runs. Nonetheless, we show that even when this drawback is taken into account