Results 11 - 20 of 26,338

The spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian paradigm: a critique of the adaptationist programme.

by S J Gould , R C Lewontin - Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B, Biological Sciences , 1979
"... An adaptationist programme has dominated evolutionary thought in England and the United States during the past 40 years. It is based on faith in the power of natural selection as an optimizing agent. It proceeds by breaking an organism into unitary 'traits' and proposing an adaptive story ..."
Abstract - Cited by 538 (2 self) - Add to MetaCart
alternatives to adaptive stories; for its reliance upon plausibility alone as a criterion for accepting speculative tales; and for its failure to consider adequately such competing themes as random fixation of alleles, production of nonadaptive structures by developmental correlation with selected features

Object Tracking: A Survey

by Alper Yilmaz, Omar Javed, Mubarak Shah , 2006
"... The goal of this article is to review the state-of-the-art tracking methods, classify them into different categories, and identify new trends. Object tracking, in general, is a challenging problem. Difficulties in tracking objects can arise due to abrupt object motion, changing appearance patterns o ..."
Abstract - Cited by 701 (7 self) - Add to MetaCart
discuss the important issues related to tracking including the use of appropriate image features, selection of motion models, and detection of objects.

A logic of authentication

by Michael Burrows, Martín Abadi, Roger Needham - ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTER SYSTEMS , 1990
"... Questions of belief are essential in analyzing protocols for the authentication of principals in distributed computing systems. In this paper we motivate, set out, and exemplify a logic specifically designed for this analysis; we show how various protocols differ subtly with respect to the required ..."
Abstract - Cited by 1332 (22 self) - Add to MetaCart
initial assumptions of the participants and their final beliefs. Our formalism has enabled us to isolate and express these differences with a precision that was not previously possible. It has drawn attention to features of protocols of which we and their authors were previously unaware, and allowed us

Model checking and abstraction

by Peter J. Clarke, Djuradj Babich, Tariq M. King, B. M. Golam Kibria - ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems , 1994
"... software developers are using the Java language as the language of choice on many applications. This is due to the effective use of the object-oriented (OO) paradigm to develop large software projects and the ability of the Java language to support the increasing use of web technologies in business ..."
Abstract - Cited by 742 (55 self) - Add to MetaCart
we present the first study that investigates how the characteristics of a class are combined, thereby providing feedback on how the features provided by Java 1.4.x or earlier and Java 1.5.x or earlier are currently used. The study uses a taxonomy of OO classes that provides a mechanism to catalog any

Loopy belief propagation for approximate inference: An empirical study. In:

by Kevin P Murphy , Yair Weiss , Michael I Jordan - Proceedings of Uncertainty in AI, , 1999
"... Abstract Recently, researchers have demonstrated that "loopy belief propagation" -the use of Pearl's polytree algorithm in a Bayesian network with loops -can perform well in the context of error-correcting codes. The most dramatic instance of this is the near Shannon-limit performanc ..."
Abstract - Cited by 676 (15 self) - Add to MetaCart
. Again we found that loopy belief propagation always converged, with the average number of iterations equal to 8.65. The protocol for the ALARM network experiments dif fered from the previous two in that the structure and parameters were fixed -only the observed evidence differed between experimental

Querying object-oriented databases

by Michael Kifer, Won Kim, Yehoshua Sagiv - ACM SIGMOD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MANAGEMENT OF DATA , 1992
"... We present a novel language for querying object-oriented databases. The language is built around the idea of extended path expressions that substantially generalize [ZAN83], and on an adaptation of the first-order formalization of object-oriented languages from [KW89, KLW90, KW92]. The language inco ..."
Abstract - Cited by 492 (6 self) - Add to MetaCart
incorporates features not found in earlier proposals; it is easier to use and has greater expressive power. Some of the salient features of our language are: ffl Precise model-theoretic semantics. ffl A very expressive form of path expressions that not only can do joins, selections and unnesting, but can also

Benchmarking Least Squares Support Vector Machine Classifiers

by Tony Van Gestel, Johan A. K. Suykens, Bart Baesens, Stijn Viaene, Jan Vanthienen, Guido Dedene, Bart De Moor, Joos Vandewalle - NEURAL PROCESSING LETTERS , 2001
"... In Support Vector Machines (SVMs), the solution of the classification problem is characterized by a (convex) quadratic programming (QP) problem. In a modified version of SVMs, called Least Squares SVM classifiers (LS-SVMs), a least squares cost function is proposed so as to obtain a linear set of eq ..."
Abstract - Cited by 476 (46 self) - Add to MetaCart
of equations in the dual space. While the SVM classifier has a large margin interpretation, the LS-SVM formulation is related in this paper to a ridge regression approach for classification with binary targets and to Fisher's linear discriminant analysis in the feature space. Multiclass categorization

A Survey on Transfer Learning

by Sinno Jialin Pan, Qiang Yang
"... A major assumption in many machine learning and data mining algorithms is that the training and future data must be in the same feature space and have the same distribution. However, in many real-world applications, this assumption may not hold. For example, we sometimes have a classification task i ..."
Abstract - Cited by 459 (24 self) - Add to MetaCart
in one domain of interest, but we only have sufficient training data in another domain of interest, where the latter data may be in a different feature space or follow a different data distribution. In such cases, knowledge transfer, if done successfully, would greatly improve the performance of learning

Reconsidering research on learning from media.

by Richard E Clark - Review of Educational Research, , 1983
"... ABSTRACT. Recent meta-analyses and other studies of media influence on learning are reviewed. Consistent evidence is found for the generalization that there are no learning benefits to be gained from employing any specific medium to deliver instruction. Research showing performance or time-saving g ..."
Abstract - Cited by 462 (6 self) - Add to MetaCart
differences between treatments. With the benefit of hindsight it is not surprising that most of the studies he selected for review employed media as simple vehicles for instructional methods, such as text organization, size of step in programming, cueing, repeated exposures, and prompting. These studies

RCS -- a system for version control

by Walter F. Tichy , 1991
"... An important problem in program development and maintenance is version control, i.e., the task of keeping a software system consisting of many versions and configurations well organized. The Revision Control System (RCS) is a software tool that assists with that task. RCS manages revisions of text d ..."
Abstract - Cited by 456 (7 self) - Add to MetaCart
documents, in particular source programs, documentation, and test data. It automates the storing, retrieval, logging and identification of revisions, and it provides selection mechanisms for composing configurations. This paper introduces basic version control concepts and discusses the practice of version
Results 11 - 20 of 26,338