Results 1 - 10 of 311,893

Justice and the politics of difference

by Diane H. Young, John W , 1990
"... Educators frequently recommend that children read aloud to parents at home in the belief that the activity will positively contribute to children's literacy growth. From a research perspective, however, little is known about these at-home reading experiences. Using a social constructivist theor ..."
Abstract - Cited by 511 (0 self) - Add to MetaCart
theoretical perspective, the present study investigated the relationships between children's reading ability, children's sex, mothers ' educational level, and mothers ' helping behaviors during children's at-home oral reading practice. Seventy-six mother-child pairs from a suburban

How much should we trust differences-in-differences estimates?

by Marianne Bertrand, Esther Duflo, Sendhil Mullainathan , 2003
"... Most papers that employ Differences-in-Differences estimation (DD) use many years of data and focus on serially correlated outcomes but ignore that the resulting standard errors are inconsistent. To illustrate the severity of this issue, we randomly generate placebo laws in state-level data on femal ..."
Abstract - Cited by 828 (1 self) - Add to MetaCart
Most papers that employ Differences-in-Differences estimation (DD) use many years of data and focus on serially correlated outcomes but ignore that the resulting standard errors are inconsistent. To illustrate the severity of this issue, we randomly generate placebo laws in state-level data

Experimental Estimates of Education Production Functions

by Alan B. Krueger - Princeton University, Industrial Relations Section Working Paper No. 379 , 1997
"... This paper analyzes data on 11,600 students and their teachers who were randomly assigned to different size classes from kindergarten through third grade. Statistical methods are used to adjust for nonrandom attrition and transitions between classes. The main conclusions are (1) on average, performa ..."
Abstract - Cited by 529 (19 self) - Add to MetaCart
This paper analyzes data on 11,600 students and their teachers who were randomly assigned to different size classes from kindergarten through third grade. Statistical methods are used to adjust for nonrandom attrition and transitions between classes. The main conclusions are (1) on average

Training Products of Experts by Minimizing Contrastive Divergence

by Geoffrey E. Hinton , 2002
"... It is possible to combine multiple latent-variable models of the same data by multiplying their probability distributions together and then renormalizing. This way of combining individual “expert ” models makes it hard to generate samples from the combined model but easy to infer the values of the l ..."
Abstract - Cited by 850 (75 self) - Add to MetaCart
of the latent variables of each expert, because the combination rule ensures that the latent variables of different experts are conditionally independent when given the data. A product of experts (PoE) is therefore an interesting candidate for a perceptual system in which rapid inference is vital and generation

Shape modeling with front propagation: A level set approach

by Ravikanth Malladi, James A. Sethian, Baba C. Vemuri - IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE , 1995
"... Shape modeling is an important constituent of computer vision as well as computer graphics research. Shape models aid the tasks of object representation and recognition. This paper presents a new approach to shape modeling which retains some of the attractive features of existing methods and over- ..."
Abstract - Cited by 808 (20 self) - Add to MetaCart
along its gradient field with constant speed or a speed that depends on the curvature. It is moved by solving a “Hamilton-Jacob? ’ type equation written for a function in which the interface is a particular level set. A speed term synthesizpd from the image is used to stop the interface in the vicinity

Aggregate Productivity Growth: Lessons from Microeconomic Evidence

by Lucia Foster, John Haltiwanger, C. J. Krizan , 2000
"... Recent research using establishment and firm level data has raised a variety of conceptual and measurement questions regarding our understanding of aggregate productivity growth. 1 Several key, related findings are of interest. First, there is large scale, ongoing reallocation of outputs and input ..."
Abstract - Cited by 472 (49 self) - Add to MetaCart
of growth of productivity across establishments within the same sector. The rapid pace of output and input reallocation along with differences in productivity levels and growth rates are the necessary ingredients for the pace of reallocation to play an important role in aggregate (i.e., industry

A capacity theory of comprehension: Individual differences in working memory

by Marcel Adam Just, Patricia A. Carpenter - Psychological Review , 1992
"... A theory of the way working memory capacity constrains comprehension is proposed. The theory proposes that both processing and storage are mediated by activation and that the total amount of activation available in working memory varies among individuals. Individual differences in working memory cap ..."
Abstract - Cited by 700 (21 self) - Add to MetaCart
A theory of the way working memory capacity constrains comprehension is proposed. The theory proposes that both processing and storage are mediated by activation and that the total amount of activation available in working memory varies among individuals. Individual differences in working memory

Exploration, normalization, and summaries of high density oligonucleotide array probe level data.

by Rafael A Irizarry , Bridget Hobbs , Francois Collin , Yasmin D Beazer-Barclay , Kristen J Antonellis , Uwe Scherf , Terence P Speed - Biostatistics, , 2003
"... SUMMARY In this paper we report exploratory analyses of high-density oligonucleotide array data from the Affymetrix GeneChip R system with the objective of improving upon currently used measures of gene expression. Our analyses make use of three data sets: a small experimental study consisting of f ..."
Abstract - Cited by 854 (33 self) - Add to MetaCart
familiar features of the perfect match and mismatch probe (P M and M M) values of these data, and examine the variance-mean relationship with probe-level data from probes believed to be defective, and so delivering noise only. We explain why we need to normalize the arrays to one another using probe level

Trade Liberalization, Exit, and Productivity Improvements: Evidence from Chilean Plants

by Nina Pavcnik - Review of Economic Studies , 2002
"... This paper empirically investigates the effects of liberalized trade on plant productivity in the case of Chile. Chile presents an interesting setting to study this relationship since it underwent a massive trade liberalization that significantly exposed its plants to competition from abroad during ..."
Abstract - Cited by 555 (16 self) - Add to MetaCart
in the estimates of the input coefficients required to construct a productivity measure. I explicitly incorporate plant exit in the estimation to correct for the selection problem induced by liquidated plants. These methodological aspects are important in obtaining a reliable plant-level productivity measure based

Integration of trade and disintegration of production in the global economy

by Robert C. Feenstra - Journal of Economic Perspectives , 1998
"... The last few decades have seen a spectacular integration of the global economy through trade. The rising integration of world markets has brought with it a disintegration of the production process, however, as manufacturing or services activities done abroad are combined with those performed at home ..."
Abstract - Cited by 496 (7 self) - Add to MetaCart
The last few decades have seen a spectacular integration of the global economy through trade. The rising integration of world markets has brought with it a disintegration of the production process, however, as manufacturing or services activities done abroad are combined with those performed
Results 1 - 10 of 311,893