Reliability is even more important in object-oriented programming than elsewhere. This article shows how to reduce bugs by building software components on the basis of carefully designed contracts. 40 s object-oriented techniques steadily gain ground in the world of software development. users

Oriented filters are useful in many early vision and image processing tasks. One often needs to apply the same filter, rotated to different angles under adaptive control, or wishes to calculate the filter response at various orientations. We present an efficient architecture to synthesize filters of arbitrary orientations from linear combinations of basis filters, allowing one to adaptively "steer" a filter to any orientation, and to determine analytically the filter output as a function of orientation.

Few data exist about perceptions regarding the etiology of foodborne illness. Among public health staff throughout Tennessee, the three pathogens most commonly believed to cause foodborne illness in the United States actually account for only 12 % of disease. Fewer than 3 % of respondents correctly identified the leading cause of foodborne illness. In the United States, foodborne infections cause approximately 76 million illnesses each year, accounting for 325,000 hospitalizations and 5,000 deaths (1). Foodborne illness has been estimated to cost as much as $23 billion annually in this country (2). The consequences of such illness can range from transient discomfort to meningitis, congenital malformation, and death (3). Changes in eating habits and food preparation behaviors, globalization of the food supply, aging of the population, and other risk factors may be leading to increasing rates of illness (4,5). Public health and infection control personnel are frequently involved in the identification, investigation, and intervention of foodborne illness outbreaks. In 68 % of reported foodborne outbreaks in the United States, the pathogenic cause is not identified (6). An understanding of likely etiology is important for ensuring appropriate management of illness. There are few published data on the knowledge or perceptions of public health personnel regarding the common causes of foodborne disease.

Data generated as a side effect of game play also solves computational problems and trains AI algorithms.

This paper is intended to serve as a comprehensive introduction to the emerging field concerned with the design and use of ontologies. We observe that disparate backgrounds, languages, tools, and techniques are a major barrier to effective communication among people, organisations, and/or software

this paper we discuss the design and implementation of the/'fiesystem interface in the kernel and the NF$ virtual/'fiesystem. We describe some interesting design issues and how they were resolved, and point out some of the shortcomings of the current implementation. We conclude with some

Ensemble methods are learning algorithms that construct a set of classifiers and then classify new data points by taking a (weighted) vote of their predictions. The original ensemble method is Bayesian averaging, but more recent algorithms include error-correcting output coding, Bagging

Most current approaches to concurrency control in database systems rely on locking of data objects as a control mechanism. In this paper, two families of nonlocking concurrency controls are presented. The methods used are “optimistic ” in the sense that they rely mainly on transaction backup as a

The World Wide Web has succeeded in large part because its software architecture has been designed to meet the needs of an Internet-scale distributed hypermedia system. The modern Web architecture emphasizes scalability of component interactions, generality of interfaces, independent deployment

Semantic analysis of programs is essential in optimizing compilers and program verification systems. It encompasses data flow analysis, data type determination, generation of approximate invariant