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THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE OF TREPANATION IN EARLY CHINA
"... Six clinically trepanned cranial specimens from five Chi-nese archaeological sites ranging from 5000 to 2000 BP are briefly described. They come from Neolithic, Bronze and Iron Ages sites in Shandong, Qinghai, Henan and Heilongjiang provinces. The successfully trepanned ex-amples described in this p ..."
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in this paper reveal that this primitive surgical operation had remarkable therapeutic effects. The earliest example in this study is that of the Dawenkou individual from about 5000 BP. The meticulous treatment revealed by this operation is most impressive.
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"... ii The Dawenkou Neolithic Culture (ca. 4300-2600 cal. BC) in Shandong, northern Jiangsu and Anhui Provinces, China, has been intensively investigated because it provides insights into the origin of complex stratified societies. Dawenkou is well known for its extremely elaborate burials indicating in ..."
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from matrilineal/matriarchal clans to patrilineal/patriarchal families. In this thesis, I shall argue that rice consumption had been used as an important identity marker (including ethnicity, gender, and social status) of individuals at some Dawenkou site, and the introduction of rice possibly