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Cache memories

by Alan Jay Smith - ACM Computing Surveys , 1982
"... Cache memories are used in modern, medium and high-speed CPUs to hold temporarily those portions of the contents of main memory which are {believed to be) currently in use. Since instructions and data in cache memories can usually be referenced in 10 to 25 percent of the time required to access main ..."
Abstract - Cited by 688 (11 self) - Add to MetaCart
Cache memories are used in modern, medium and high-speed CPUs to hold temporarily those portions of the contents of main memory which are {believed to be) currently in use. Since instructions and data in cache memories can usually be referenced in 10 to 25 percent of the time required to access

The protection of information in computer systems

by Jerome H. Saltzer, Michael D. Schroeder
"... This tutorial paper explores the mechanics of protecting computer-stored information from unauthorized use or modification. It concentrates on those architectural structures--whether hardware or software--that are necessary to support information protection. The paper develops in three main sectio ..."
Abstract - Cited by 824 (2 self) - Add to MetaCart
of detail in the second section may wish to skip to Section III, which reviews the state of the art and current research projects and provides suggestions for further reading. Glossary The following glossary provides, for reference, brief definitions for several terms as used in this paper in the context

Incorporating non-local information into information extraction systems by Gibbs sampling

by Jenny Rose Finkel, Trond Grenager, Christopher Manning - IN ACL , 2005
"... Most current statistical natural language processing models use only local features so as to permit dynamic programming in inference, but this makes them unable to fully account for the long distance structure that is prevalent in language use. We show how to solve this dilemma with Gibbs sampling, ..."
Abstract - Cited by 730 (25 self) - Add to MetaCart
Most current statistical natural language processing models use only local features so as to permit dynamic programming in inference, but this makes them unable to fully account for the long distance structure that is prevalent in language use. We show how to solve this dilemma with Gibbs sampling

Modeling and Forecasting Realized Volatility

by Torben G. Andersen, Tim Bollerslev, Francis X. Diebold, Paul Labys , 2002
"... this paper is built. First, although raw returns are clearly leptokurtic, returns standardized by realized volatilities are approximately Gaussian. Second, although the distributions of realized volatilities are clearly right-skewed, the distributions of the logarithms of realized volatilities are a ..."
Abstract - Cited by 549 (50 self) - Add to MetaCart
: a fractionally-integrated Gaussian vector autoregression (VAR) . Importantly, our approach explicitly permits measurement errors in the realized volatilities. Comparing the resulting volatility forecasts to those obtained from currently popular daily volatility models and more complicated high

CIL: Intermediate language and tools for analysis and transformation of C programs

by George C. Necula, Scott Mcpeak, Shree P. Rahul, Westley Weimer - In International Conference on Compiler Construction , 2002
"... Abstract. This paper describes the CIntermediate Language: a highlevel representation along with a set of tools that permit easy analysis and source-to-source transformation of C programs. Compared to C, CIL has fewer constructs. It breaks down certain complicated constructs of C into simpler ones, ..."
Abstract - Cited by 533 (11 self) - Add to MetaCart
Abstract. This paper describes the CIntermediate Language: a highlevel representation along with a set of tools that permit easy analysis and source-to-source transformation of C programs. Compared to C, CIL has fewer constructs. It breaks down certain complicated constructs of C into simpler ones

A framework for information systems architecture.

by J A Zachman - IBM Syst. J., , 1987
"... With increasing size and complexity of the implementations of information systems, it is necessary to use some logical construct (or architecture) for defining and controlling the interfaces and the integration of all of the components of the system. This paper defines information systems architect ..."
Abstract - Cited by 546 (0 self) - Add to MetaCart
in complexity in information systems. The inherent limitations of the then-available 4K machines, for example, constrained design and necessitated suboptimal approaches for automating a business. Current technology is rapidly removing both conceptual and financial constraints. It is not hard to speculate about

A Rate-Adaptive MAC Protocol for Multi-Hop Wireless Networks

by Gavin Holland, Nitin H. Vaidya, Paramvir Bahl , 2001
"... Wireless local area networks (W-LANs) have become increasingly popular due to the recent availability of affordable devices that are capable of communicating at high data rates. These high rates are possible, in part, through new modulation schemes that are optimized for the channel conditions bring ..."
Abstract - Cited by 484 (5 self) - Add to MetaCart
bringing about a dramatic increase in bandwidth efficiency. Since the choice of which modulation scheme to use depends on the current state of the transmission channel, newer wireless devices often support multiple modulation schemes, and hence multiple data rates, with mechanisms to switch between them

The faculty of language: what is it, who has it, and how did it evolve?

by Marc D Hauser , Noam Chomsky , W Tecumseh Fitch - Science, , 2002
"... We argue that an understanding of the faculty of language requires substantial interdisciplinary cooperation. We suggest how current developments in linguistics can be profitably wedded to work in evolutionary biology, anthropology, psychology, and neuroscience. We submit that a distinction should ..."
Abstract - Cited by 472 (7 self) - Add to MetaCart
We argue that an understanding of the faculty of language requires substantial interdisciplinary cooperation. We suggest how current developments in linguistics can be profitably wedded to work in evolutionary biology, anthropology, psychology, and neuroscience. We submit that a distinction should

Monetary Policy Rules Based on Real-Time Data

by Athanasios Orphanides - BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM FINANCE AND ECONOMICS DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES , 1997
"... In recent years, simple policy rules have received attention as a means to a more transparent and effective monetary policy. Often, however, the analysis is based on unrealistic assumptions about the timeliness of data availability. This permits rule specifications that are not operational and ignor ..."
Abstract - Cited by 431 (18 self) - Add to MetaCart
In recent years, simple policy rules have received attention as a means to a more transparent and effective monetary policy. Often, however, the analysis is based on unrealistic assumptions about the timeliness of data availability. This permits rule specifications that are not operational

UNIT SELECTION IN A CONCATENATIVE SPEECH SYNTHESIS SYSTEM USING A LARGE SPEECH DATABASE

by Andrew J. Hunt, Alan W. Black , 1996
"... One approach to the generation of natural-sounding syn-thesized speech waveforms is to select and concatenate units from a large speech database. Units (in the current work, phonemes) are selected to produce a natural realisation of a target phoneme sequence predicted from text which is annotated wi ..."
Abstract - Cited by 425 (27 self) - Add to MetaCart
One approach to the generation of natural-sounding syn-thesized speech waveforms is to select and concatenate units from a large speech database. Units (in the current work, phonemes) are selected to produce a natural realisation of a target phoneme sequence predicted from text which is annotated
Results 1 - 10 of 22,543