contain a densely connected core of high-degree nodes; and that this core links small groups of strongly clustered, low-degree nodes at the fringes of the network. Finally, we discuss the implications of these structural properties for the design of social network based systems.

of the work 254 HACKMAN AND OLDHAM setting and the device of the autonomous work group. Absent from the approach, for example, are explicit means for diagnosing a work system prior to change (to ascertain what "should" be changed, and how), or for evaluating in systematic terms the outcomes

surface in S 4

complex adaptive systems whose order arises from the interactions of hundreds of agents pursuing self-interested strategies. During the period 2000-2005, the network of global collaborations appears to have reinforced the formation of a core group of fourteen most cooperative countries. This core group

In September 2000 at the end of a good monsoon and during a tropical cyclonic storm, Bengal suffered a particularly severe flood in which more than 1,500 people died. In West Bengal more than 20 million people and in Bangladesh more than 3 million lost their homes and virtually all of their possessions. This paper explores different experiences of the disaster, and many differing explanations of its causes, both physical and social. It proposes the idea that the specific form of development that has taken place in Bengal since the mid nineteenth century, the ‘standard ’ road–rail and urban–industrial model, has been transplanted into an inappropriate geographical setting. The result is that the urban sector has externalised its costs onto the rural poor. In this context it is suggested that the new ‘open policy ’ on floods, also advocated elsewhere in the world, be seriously considered as more appropriate and sustainable for Bengal. ∗ We thank the Department for International Development, UK, Independent Broadcasting Associates, USA, and the University of Lancaster, UK, for financial support. We also thank the many officials from many organisations who have given freely of their time. We particu-

The project on Health Surveys in the EU supports health monitoring by developing a computerised health survey database, by reviewing and evaluating surveys, their methods and comparability, by recommending designs and methods, and by disseminating this information. It also assesses the coverage of specific health and health related areas in national and international surveys. At present, Health Interview Surveys (HIS) and Health Examination Surveys (HES) are included from 18 Western European countries as well as Canada, Australia and USA. National HISs are carried out regularly in almost all Western European countries. National HESs with a comprehensive focus are conducted at regular or irregular intervals in five countries. The HIS may consist of short health sections or modules within multi-purpose surveys or lengthy health interviews with several questionnaires. The HES (or HIS/HES) may comprise an interview with a few measurements or a comprehensive health examination. There are important differences in sampling frames, in fieldwork, and in quality control procedures. The response rates vary greatly. Differences in instruments used, in the wordings and in survey protocols reduce the comparability of many topics. The interactive Internet based HIS/HES database allows for a quick reference and comparison of methods and instruments used in national health surveys. It also illustrates the great variety in instruments and protocols, and the need for harmonisation. Collaboration and co-ordination is needed to promote comprehensive health monitoring at the European level.

Country contributions: Many thanks to the heads of the UNFPA and WHO country offices, their staff, and the people that coordinated, completed, and verified responses to the State of the World’s Midwifery country survey. In particular, thanks to the country focal points:

Since the early 1980s, the Association for Specialists in Group Work has promulgated standards for training group workers (ASGW, 1983, 1991, 2000). Now in its third revision, ASGW has established competency standards for both knowledge and skills to be included in all core group work training

improve the performance of mass vaccination campaigns. In the CORE Group areas, the number of mosque announcements and Bullawa Tollies carried out were important determinants of desired SIA outcomes. The CORE Group and SM Net should conduct sufficient numbers of these activities in support of each SIA

(Article begins on next page) The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Citation Hansen, Karen, Thomas Laessoe, and Donald H. Pfister. 2002.Phylogenetic diversity in the core group of Peziza inferred from ITS