Results 1 - 10 of 11,555

Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new directions.

by Richard M Ryan , Edward L Deci - Contemporary Educational Psychology, , 2000
"... Intrinsic and extrinsic types of motivation have been widely studied, and the distinction between them has shed important light on both developmental and educational practices. In this review we revisit the classic definitions of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in light of contemporary research ..."
Abstract - Cited by 635 (8 self) - Add to MetaCart
Intrinsic and extrinsic types of motivation have been widely studied, and the distinction between them has shed important light on both developmental and educational practices. In this review we revisit the classic definitions of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in light of contemporary research

The Construct of Resilience: A Critical Evaluation and Guidelines for Future Work.

by Suniya S Luthar , Dante Cicchetti , Bronwyn Becker - Child Development, , 2000
"... This paper presents a critical appraisal of resilience, a construct connoting the maintenance of positive adaptation by individuals despite experiences of significant adversity. As empirical research on resilience has burgeoned in recent years, criticisms have been levied at work in this area. Thes ..."
Abstract - Cited by 495 (8 self) - Add to MetaCart
. These critiques have generally focused on ambiguities in definitions and central terminology; heterogeneity in risks experienced and competence achieved by individuals viewed as resilient; instability of the phenomenon of resilience; and concerns regarding the usefulness of resilience as a theoretical construct

Fingerprint Minutiae: A Constructive Definition

by Ruud Bolle Andrew, Andrew W. Senior, Nalini K. Ratha, Sharath Pankanti
"... The flow pattern of ridges in a fingerprint is unique to the person in that no two people with the same fingerprints have yet been found. Fingerprints have been in use in forensic applications for many years and, more recently, in computer-automated identification and authentication. For automate ..."
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of minutiae has never been formulated. We provide a formal definition of a minutia based on the gray scale image. This definition is constructive, in that, given a minutia image, the minutia location and orientation can be uniquely determined.

A Constructive Definition of the Perturbation Index

by Martin Otter , 1996
"... : Singular differential algebraic equation systems naturally occur in modelling of physical systems. The structure of a singular DAE is characterized by its index. Different index definitions exist, in particular the differential index and the perturbation index. The differential index characterizes ..."
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: Singular differential algebraic equation systems naturally occur in modelling of physical systems. The structure of a singular DAE is characterized by its index. Different index definitions exist, in particular the differential index and the perturbation index. The differential index

A proposed procedure for construct definition in marketing

by David A. Gilliam, Kevin Voss
"... Purpose – Latent constructs represent the building blocks of marketing theory. The purpose of this paper is to provide marketing researchers with a practical procedure for writing construct definitions. Design/methodology/approach – The paper reviews important contributions to construct definition i ..."
Abstract - Cited by 2 (0 self) - Add to MetaCart
Purpose – Latent constructs represent the building blocks of marketing theory. The purpose of this paper is to provide marketing researchers with a practical procedure for writing construct definitions. Design/methodology/approach – The paper reviews important contributions to construct definition

The Semantics Of Constraint Logic Programs

by Joxan Jaffar, Michael Maher, Kim Marriott, Peter Stuckey - JOURNAL OF LOGIC PROGRAMMING , 1996
"... This paper presents for the first time the semantic foundations of CLP in a self-contained and complete package. The main contributions are threefold. First, we extend the original conference paper by presenting definitions and basic semantic constructs from first principles, giving new and comp ..."
Abstract - Cited by 872 (14 self) - Add to MetaCart
This paper presents for the first time the semantic foundations of CLP in a self-contained and complete package. The main contributions are threefold. First, we extend the original conference paper by presenting definitions and basic semantic constructs from first principles, giving new

Convolution Kernels on Discrete Structures

by David Haussler , 1999
"... We introduce a new method of constructing kernels on sets whose elements are discrete structures like strings, trees and graphs. The method can be applied iteratively to build a kernel on an infinite set from kernels involving generators of the set. The family of kernels generated generalizes the fa ..."
Abstract - Cited by 506 (0 self) - Add to MetaCart
We introduce a new method of constructing kernels on sets whose elements are discrete structures like strings, trees and graphs. The method can be applied iteratively to build a kernel on an infinite set from kernels involving generators of the set. The family of kernels generated generalizes

Machine Learning in Automated Text Categorization

by Fabrizio Sebastiani - ACM COMPUTING SURVEYS , 2002
"... The automated categorization (or classification) of texts into predefined categories has witnessed a booming interest in the last ten years, due to the increased availability of documents in digital form and the ensuing need to organize them. In the research community the dominant approach to this p ..."
Abstract - Cited by 1734 (22 self) - Add to MetaCart
definition of a classifier by domain experts) are a very good effectiveness, considerable savings in terms of expert labor power, and straightforward portability to different domains. This survey discusses the main approaches to text categorization that fall within the machine learning paradigm. We

Towards a Standard Upper Ontology

by Ian Niles, Adam Pease , 2001
"... The Suggested Upper Merged Ontology (SUMO) is an upper level ontology that has been proposed as a starter document for The Standard Upper Ontology Working Group, an IEEE-sanctioned working group of collaborators from the fields of engineering, philosophy, and information science. The SUMO provides d ..."
Abstract - Cited by 589 (22 self) - Add to MetaCart
definitions for general-purpose terms and acts as a foundation for more specific domain ontologies. In this paper we outline the strategy used to create the current version of the SUMO, discuss some of the challenges that we faced in constructing the ontology, and describe in detail its most general concepts

The Ant System: Optimization by a colony of cooperating agents

by Marco Dorigo, Vittorio Maniezzo, Alberto Colorni - IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS-PART B , 1996
"... An analogy with the way ant colonies function has suggested the definition of a new computational paradigm, which we call Ant System. We propose it as a viable new approach to stochastic combinatorial optimization. The main characteristics of this model are positive feedback, distributed computation ..."
Abstract - Cited by 1300 (46 self) - Add to MetaCart
An analogy with the way ant colonies function has suggested the definition of a new computational paradigm, which we call Ant System. We propose it as a viable new approach to stochastic combinatorial optimization. The main characteristics of this model are positive feedback, distributed
Results 1 - 10 of 11,555