Population policies are deliberately constructed or modified institutional arrangements and/or specific programs through which governments influence, directly or indirectly, demographic change. For any given country, the aim of population policy may be narrowly construed as bringing about quantitative changes in the membership of the territorially circumscribed population under the government’s jurisdiction. Governments ’ concern with population matters can also extend beyond the borders of their own jurisdictions. Thus, international aspects of population policy have become increasingly salient in the contemporary world. Additions to the population are primarily the result of individual decisions concerning childbearing. Within the constraints of their social milieu, these decisions reflect an implicit calculus by parents about the private costs and benefits of children. But neither costs nor benefits of fertility are likely to be fully internal to the family: they can also impose burdens and advantages on others in the society. Such externalities, negative and positive, represent a legitimate concern for all those affected. The paper briefly discusses how individual and collective interests were reconciled in traditional societies,

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We here present and compare two unsupervised approaches for inducing the main conceptual information in rather stereotypical summaries in two different languages. We evaluate the two approaches in two different information extraction settings: monolingual and cross-lingual information extraction

Domain adaptation is a time consuming and costly procedure calling for the development of algorithms and tools to facilitate its automation. This paper presents an unsupervised algorithm able to learn the main concepts in event summaries. The method takes as input a set of domain summaries

This paper presents a new unsupervised approach to generating ultra-concise summaries of opinions. We formulate the problem of generating such a micropinion summary as an optimization problem, where we seek a set of concise and non-redundant phrases that are readable and represent key opinions

Automatic summarization of open domain spoken dialogues is a new research area. This paper introduces the task, the challenges involved, and presents an approach to obtain automatic extract summaries for multi-party dialogues of four different genres, without any restriction on domain. We address

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In semistructured databases there is no schema fixed in advance. To provide the benefits of a schema in such environments, we introduce DataGuides: concise and accurate structural summaries of semistructured databases. DataGuides serve as dynamic schemas, generated from the database

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Abundant research evidence makes it clear that health systems built on a solid foundation of primary care deliver more effective, efficient, and equitable care than systems that fail to invest adequately in primary care. Quality and Health Outcomes Counties and states with more primary care physicians per capita—but not specialists— have better population health indicators such as total mortality, heart disease and cancer mortality, and neonatal mortality.1-3 Medicare patients in these regions also receive better quality of care, including more appropriate care for heart attacks, diabetes, and pneumonia.4 Reinforcing these findings is a recent study from England, using instrumental variable econometric methods to investigate the relationship between general practitioner supply in local authority districts and the self-rated health of people living in these districts. The study found that a 10 percent increase in FP supply increases the probability of reporting very good health by 6 percent.5 Other US studies have found that patients with a primary care home are more likely to receive appropriate preventive services such as cancer screening and flu shots.6,7