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Normalization for cDNA microarray data: a robust composite method addressing single and multiple slide systematic variation

by Yee Hwa Yang, Sandrine Dudoit, Percy Luu, Vivian Peng , 2002
"... There are many sources of systematic variation in cDNA microarray experiments which affect the measured gene expression levels (e.g. differences in labeling efficiency between the two fluorescent dyes). The term normalization refers to the process of removing such variation. A constant adjustment is ..."
Abstract - Cited by 718 (9 self) - Add to MetaCart
There are many sources of systematic variation in cDNA microarray experiments which affect the measured gene expression levels (e.g. differences in labeling efficiency between the two fluorescent dyes). The term normalization refers to the process of removing such variation. A constant adjustment

A Survey of Program Slicing Techniques

by F. Tip - JOURNAL OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES , 1995
"... A program slice consists of the parts of a program that (potentially) affect the values computed at some point of interest, referred to as a slicing criterion. The task of computing program slices is called program slicing. The original definition of a program slice was presented by Weiser in 197 ..."
Abstract - Cited by 790 (10 self) - Add to MetaCart
A program slice consists of the parts of a program that (potentially) affect the values computed at some point of interest, referred to as a slicing criterion. The task of computing program slices is called program slicing. The original definition of a program slice was presented by Weiser

Quantization Index Modulation: A Class of Provably Good Methods for Digital Watermarking and Information Embedding

by Brian Chen, Gregory W. Wornell - IEEE TRANS. ON INFORMATION THEORY , 1999
"... We consider the problem of embedding one signal (e.g., a digital watermark), within another "host" signal to form a third, "composite" signal. The embedding is designed to achieve efficient tradeoffs among the three conflicting goals of maximizing information-embedding rate, mini ..."
Abstract - Cited by 496 (14 self) - Add to MetaCart
We consider the problem of embedding one signal (e.g., a digital watermark), within another "host" signal to form a third, "composite" signal. The embedding is designed to achieve efficient tradeoffs among the three conflicting goals of maximizing information-embedding rate

Dynamic Predicate Logic

by Jeroen Groenendijk, Martin Stokhof , 1990
"... This paper is devoted to the formulation and investigation of a dynamic semantic interpretation of the language of first-order predicate logic. The resulting system, which will be referred to as `dynamic predicate logic', is intended as a first step towards a compositional, non-representational ..."
Abstract - Cited by 462 (2 self) - Add to MetaCart
This paper is devoted to the formulation and investigation of a dynamic semantic interpretation of the language of first-order predicate logic. The resulting system, which will be referred to as `dynamic predicate logic', is intended as a first step towards a compositional, non

Compositional References for Stateful Functional Programming

by Koji Kagawa - In Proceedings of the 2nd ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Functional Programming (ICFP’97 , 1997
"... We introduce the notion of compositional references into the framework of monadic functional programming and propose a set of new primitives based on this notion. They enable us to use a wide range of mutable data structures. There, references may be passed around explicitly, or mutable data structu ..."
Abstract - Cited by 7 (1 self) - Add to MetaCart
We introduce the notion of compositional references into the framework of monadic functional programming and propose a set of new primitives based on this notion. They enable us to use a wide range of mutable data structures. There, references may be passed around explicitly, or mutable data

A Post-Processing System To Yield Reduced Word Error Rates: Recognizer Output Voting Error Reduction (ROVER)

by Jonathan G. Fiscus , 1997
"... This paper describes a system developed at NIST to produce a composite Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) system output when the outputs of multiple ASR systems are available, and for which, in many cases, the composite ASR output has lower error rate than any of the individual systems. The system i ..."
Abstract - Cited by 422 (2 self) - Add to MetaCart
This paper describes a system developed at NIST to produce a composite Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) system output when the outputs of multiple ASR systems are available, and for which, in many cases, the composite ASR output has lower error rate than any of the individual systems. The system

Human DNA methylomes at base resolution show widespread epigenomic differences.

by Ryan Lister , Mattia Pelizzola , Robert H Dowen , R David Hawkins , Gary Hon , Julian Tonti-Filippini , Joseph R Nery , Leonard Lee , Zhen Ye , Que-Minh Ngo , Lee Edsall , Jessica Antosiewicz-Bourget , Ron Stewart , Victor Ruotti , A Harvey Millar , James A Thomson , Bing Ren , Joseph R Ecker - Nature, , 2009
"... DNA cytosine methylation is a central epigenetic modification that has essential roles in cellular processes including genome regulation, development and disease. Here we present the first genome-wide, single-base-resolution maps of methylated cytosines in a mammalian genome, from both human embryo ..."
Abstract - Cited by 401 (6 self) - Add to MetaCart
embryonic stem cells and fetal fibroblasts, along with comparative analysis of messenger RNA and small RNA components of the transcriptome, several histone modifications, and sites of DNA-protein interaction for several key regulatory factors. Widespread differences were identified in the composition

Portfolio Choice and Asset Prices; The Importance of Entrepreneurial Risk

by John Heaton, Deborah Lucas , 1999
"... this paper with an empirical investigation into some of the risk factors and demographic variables that might explain these cross-sectional differences in portfolio composition. A number of previous studies have focused on the level and variability of wage income growth as one of the largest sources ..."
Abstract - Cited by 319 (11 self) - Add to MetaCart
this paper with an empirical investigation into some of the risk factors and demographic variables that might explain these cross-sectional differences in portfolio composition. A number of previous studies have focused on the level and variability of wage income growth as one of the largest

Compositional Pointer and Escape Analysis for Java Programs

by John Whaley, Martin Rinard - In Proceedings of the 14th Annual Conference on Object-Oriented Programming Systems, Languages and Applications , 1999
"... algorithm for Java programs. The algorithm is based on the abstraction of points-to escape graphs, which characterize how local variables and elds in objects refer to other objects. Each points-to escape graph also contains escape information, which characterizes how objects allocated in one region ..."
Abstract - Cited by 267 (29 self) - Add to MetaCart
algorithm for Java programs. The algorithm is based on the abstraction of points-to escape graphs, which characterize how local variables and elds in objects refer to other objects. Each points-to escape graph also contains escape information, which characterizes how objects allocated in one

SUPPLEMENT Proceedings of the IUNS 20th Congress of Nutrition Toward Body Composition Reference Data for

by Jonathan C. K. Wells
"... Growth charts for weight and height have provided the basis for assessment of children’s nutritional status for over half a century, with charts for body mass index (BMI) introduced in the 1990s. However, BMI does not provide information on the proportions of fat and lean mass; and within the past d ..."
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adjusting for height. Most such reference data derive from high-income countries, but techniques such as air-displacement plethysmography allow infant body composition growth charts to be developed in low- and middle-income settings, where the data may improve understanding of the effects of low birth
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