: digital cash. We define specifically what is meant by digital cash, what a digital cash system entails, how such a payment system compares to other existing and proposed payment systems, and discuss the challenges that must be addressed in implementing digital currency on a wide scale. We provide a

of the commodity standard may be desirable in terms of stabilisation of production and consumption. By representing a credible commitment to return to the commodity standard, the suspension of cash payments maintains the value and circulation of money. Lessons and evidence are taken from England’s experience

Modeling the demand for cash and deposits is a primary concern for central banks. Within a wide range of academic contributions, payment choice models based on transaction sizes (TS models) have been promoted. However, TS models induce strong predictions about the use of payment instruments

- to non-cash payment instruments on bank lending. The shift to electronic payments significantly alters bank balance sheets and consumer liquidity restrictions and, therefore, it is likely to affect bank lending decisions. This paper explores the effects of the increasing use of non-cash payments

The use of the WWW as an electronic marketplace is increasing, and there is a need for a cash payment system that is scaleable, anonymous and secure. In this paper we examine two existing systems: Ecash and NetCash, discuss their strengths and weaknesses and propose a new system called the Pay

Abstract Small and medium enterprises have a growing role and in uence on the increase of production, and therefore on greater economic growth. By the Law of scalization enterprises which receive cash money for their products and services shall embed systems for scalization. According to Law

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS...........................................................................................................iii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY........................................................................................................... iv 1. INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................... 1

Yang Zou is a researcher with the Policy Studies Centre at the University of New Brunswick. The Caledon Institute of Social Policy occasionally publishes reports and commentaries written by outside experts. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors.

The introduction electronic commerce has created new financial needs that in many cases cannot be effectively fulfilled by the traditional payment systems. The success of electronic commerce business depends on the credibility of the available electronic payment systems. Electronic cash payment

The interests and incentives of managers and shareholders conflict over such issues as the optimal size of the firm and the payment of cash to shareholders. These conflicts are especially severe in firms with large free cash flows—more cash than profitable investment opportunities. The theory