Symmetries of combinatorial objects are known to complicate search algorithms, but such obstacles can often be removed by detecting symmetries early and discarding symmetric subproblems. Canonical labeling of combinatorial objects facilitates easy equivalence checking through quick matching. All

The individualization-refinement paradigm for computing a canonical labeling and/or the automorphism group of a graph is investigated. New techniques are introduced with the aim of reducing the size of the associated search space. In particular, a new partition refinement algorithm is proposed

The problem of canonically labeling a graph is studied. Within the general framework of backtracking algorithms based on individualization and refinement, data structures, subroutines, and pruning heuristics especially for fast handling of large and sparse graphs are developed. Experiments indicate

Abstract. The individualize and refine approach for computing automorphism groups and canonical forms of graphs is studied. Two new search space pruning techniques, conflict propagation based on recorded failure information and recursion over nonuniformly joined components, are presented

, and maps each graph to a unique minimum DFS code as its canonical label. Based on this lexicographic order, gSpan adopts the depth-first search strategy to mine frequent connected subgraphs efficiently. Our performance study shows that gSpan substantially outperforms previous algorithms, sometimes

We study the time complexity of McKay's algorithm to compute canonical forms and automorphism groups of graphs. The algorithm is based on a type of backtrack search, and it performs pruning by discovered automorphisms and by hashing partial information of vertex labelings. In practice

.e., in polynomial-time). This paper presents the theoretical results that for all molecules, the problems of isomorphism, automorphism partitioning, and canonical labeling are polynomial-time problems. Simple polynomial-time algorithms are also given for planar molecular graphs and used for automorphism

transactions and it is able to discover frequent subgraphs from a set of graph transactions reasonably fast, even though we have to deal with computationally hard problems such as canonical labeling of graphs and subgraph isomorphism which are not necessary for traditional frequent itemset discovery.

We develop an improved algorithm for canonically labelling a graph and finding generators for its automorph.ism grou.p. The emphasis i, on th.e power of the algorithm for,01 fling pr4ctical problem.t, rather than on the theoretical n,icetiu of tJu algo rith.m. Th.e nsult is a.n implementa.tion wh

Numbering of atoms in relatively large molecules, such as fullerenes appears for most part to be arbitrary or based on ad hoc schemes. We argue in favor of the use of a particular canonical labeling of atoms in molecules based on the smallest possible binary molecular code obtained from