Results 1 - 10 of 33,386

Probabilistic Principal Component Analysis

by Michael E. Tipping, Chris M. Bishop - JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY, SERIES B , 1999
"... Principal component analysis (PCA) is a ubiquitous technique for data analysis and processing, but one which is not based upon a probability model. In this paper we demonstrate how the principal axes of a set of observed data vectors may be determined through maximum-likelihood estimation of paramet ..."
Abstract - Cited by 709 (5 self) - Add to MetaCart
Principal component analysis (PCA) is a ubiquitous technique for data analysis and processing, but one which is not based upon a probability model. In this paper we demonstrate how the principal axes of a set of observed data vectors may be determined through maximum-likelihood estimation

The "Independent Components" of Natural Scenes are Edge Filters

by Anthony J. Bell, Terrence J. Sejnowski , 1997
"... It has previously been suggested that neurons with line and edge selectivities found in primary visual cortex of cats and monkeys form a sparse, distributed representation of natural scenes, and it has been reasoned that such responses should emerge from an unsupervised learning algorithm that attem ..."
Abstract - Cited by 617 (29 self) - Add to MetaCart
distributions. We compare the resulting ICA filters and their associated basis functions, with other decorrelating filters produced by Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and zero-phase whitening filters (ZCA). The ICA filters have more sparsely distributed (kurtotic) outputs on natural scenes. They also

Linguistic Complexity: Locality of Syntactic Dependencies

by Edward Gibson - COGNITION , 1998
"... This paper proposes a new theory of the relationship between the sentence processing mechanism and the available computational resources. This theory -- the Syntactic Prediction Locality Theory (SPLT) -- has two components: an integration cost component and a component for the memory cost associa ..."
Abstract - Cited by 504 (31 self) - Add to MetaCart
This paper proposes a new theory of the relationship between the sentence processing mechanism and the available computational resources. This theory -- the Syntactic Prediction Locality Theory (SPLT) -- has two components: an integration cost component and a component for the memory cost

Using Discriminant Eigenfeatures for Image Retrieval

by Daniel L. Swets, John Weng , 1996
"... This paper describes the automatic selection of features from an image training set using the theories of multi-dimensional linear discriminant analysis and the associated optimal linear projection. We demonstrate the effectiveness of these Most Discriminating Features for view-based class retrieval ..."
Abstract - Cited by 508 (15 self) - Add to MetaCart
This paper describes the automatic selection of features from an image training set using the theories of multi-dimensional linear discriminant analysis and the associated optimal linear projection. We demonstrate the effectiveness of these Most Discriminating Features for view-based class

Systems Competition and Network Effects

by Michael L. Katz, Carl Shapiro - JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES—VOLUME 8, NUMBER 2—SPRING 1994—PAGES 93–115 , 1994
"... Many products have little or no value in isolation, but generate value when combined with others. Examples include: nuts and bolts, which together provide fastening services; home audio or video components and programming, which together provide entertainment services; automobiles, repair parts and ..."
Abstract - Cited by 544 (6 self) - Add to MetaCart
Many products have little or no value in isolation, but generate value when combined with others. Examples include: nuts and bolts, which together provide fastening services; home audio or video components and programming, which together provide entertainment services; automobiles, repair parts

Financial Intermediation and Growth: Causality and Causes

by Ross Levine, Norman Loayza, Thorsten Beck - JOURNAL OF MONETARY ECONOMICS , 2000
"... This paper evaluates (1) whether the exogenous component of financial intermediary development influences economic growth and (2) whether cross-country differences in legal and accounting systems (e.g., creditor rights, contract enforcement, and accounting standards) explain differences in the level ..."
Abstract - Cited by 819 (72 self) - Add to MetaCart
in the level of financial development. Using both traditional cross-section, instrumental variable procedures and recent dynamic panel techniques, we find that the exogenous components of financial intermediary development is positively associated with economic growth. Also, the data show that cross

Bayesian density estimation and inference using mixtures.

by Michael D Escobar , Mike West - J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. , 1995
"... JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about J ..."
Abstract - Cited by 653 (18 self) - Add to MetaCart
, assessment of modality, and the inference on the numbers of components. Also, convergence results are established for a general class of normal mixture models. American Statistical Association

Kernel-Based Object Tracking

by Dorin Comaniciu, Visvanathan Ramesh, Peter Meer , 2003
"... A new approach toward target representation and localization, the central component in visual tracking of non-rigid objects, is proposed. The feature histogram based target representations are regularized by spatial masking with an isotropic kernel. The masking induces spatially-smooth similarity fu ..."
Abstract - Cited by 900 (4 self) - Add to MetaCart
A new approach toward target representation and localization, the central component in visual tracking of non-rigid objects, is proposed. The feature histogram based target representations are regularized by spatial masking with an isotropic kernel. The masking induces spatially-smooth similarity

ATTENTION, INTENTIONS, AND THE STRUCTURE OF DISCOURSE

by Barbara J. Grosz, Candace L. Sidner , 1986
"... In this paper we explore a new theory of discourse structure that stresses the role of purpose and processing in discourse. In this theory, discourse structure is composed of three separate but interre-lated components: the structure of the sequence of utterances (called the linguistic structure), a ..."
Abstract - Cited by 1259 (49 self) - Add to MetaCart
In this paper we explore a new theory of discourse structure that stresses the role of purpose and processing in discourse. In this theory, discourse structure is composed of three separate but interre-lated components: the structure of the sequence of utterances (called the linguistic structure

Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies: new procedures and recommendations

by Patrick E. Shrout, Niall Bolger - PSYCHOLOGICAL METHODS , 2002
"... Mediation is said to occur when a causal effect of some variable X on an outcome Y is explained by some intervening variable M. The authors recommend that with small to moderate samples, bootstrap methods (B. Efron & R. Tibshirani, 1993) be used to assess mediation. Bootstrap tests are powerful ..."
Abstract - Cited by 696 (4 self) - Add to MetaCart
size is small or suppression is a possibility. Empirical examples and computer setups for bootstrap analyses are provided. Mediation models of psychological processes are popular because they allow interesting associations to be decomposed into components that reveal possible causal mechanisms
Results 1 - 10 of 33,386