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Global Sourcing

by Pol Antràs, Elhanan Helpman - Journal of Political Economy
"... We present a North-South model of international trade in which differentiated products are developed in the North. Sectors are populated by final-good producers who differ in productivity levels. On the basis of productivity and sectoral characteristics, firms decide whether to integrate into the pr ..."
Abstract - Cited by 334 (15 self) - Add to MetaCart
into the production of intermediate inputs or outsource them. In either case they have to decide from which country to source the inputs. Final-good producers and their suppliers must make relationship-specific investments, both in an integrated firm and in an arm’s-length relationship. We describe an equilibrium

1 Relationships ’ sustainability: the case of German wheat-to-bread chain

by Miroslava Bavorova, Heinrich Hockmann
"... Abstract — In recent years there has been a shift in emphasis from transaction-based to more co-operative relationships, as chain members have recognised the need to invest in their supply chain relationships in order to protect their businesses. These non-arm’s-length relationships are capable of g ..."
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Abstract — In recent years there has been a shift in emphasis from transaction-based to more co-operative relationships, as chain members have recognised the need to invest in their supply chain relationships in order to protect their businesses. These non-arm’s-length relationships are capable

Insiders and Outsiders: The Choice between Informed and Arm's-Length Debt

by Raghuram G. Rajan , 1991
"... While the benefits of bank financing are relatively well understood, the costs are not. This paper argues that while informed banks make flexible financial decisions which prevent a firm's projects from going awry, the cost of this credit is that banks have bargaining power over the firm's ..."
Abstract - Cited by 868 (16 self) - Add to MetaCart
While the benefits of bank financing are relatively well understood, the costs are not. This paper argues that while informed banks make flexible financial decisions which prevent a firm's projects from going awry, the cost of this credit is that banks have bargaining power over the firm's

The sources and consequences of embeddedness for the economic performance of organizations: The network effect

by Brian Uzzi - American Sociological Review , 1996
"... In this paper, I attempt to advance the concept of embeddedness beyond the level of a programmatic statement by developing a formulation that specifies how embeddedness and network structure affect economic action. On the basis of existing theory and original ethnographies of 23 apparel firms, I dev ..."
Abstract - Cited by 744 (8 self) - Add to MetaCart
economy. Results reveal that embeddedness is an exchange system with unique opportunities relative to markets and that firms organized in networks have higher survival chances than do firms which maintain arm's-length market relationships. The positive effect of embeddedness reaches a threshold

SOCIAL EMBEDDEDNESS: BALANCING RATIONALIZATION AND RELATIONSHIPS 1

by Ulrike Schultze, Ulrike Schultze
"... Much of the research on the impacts of electronic communication networks such as the Internet presents as competing substitutes personal, embedded relationships and computer-mediated, arm’s-length relationships between exchange partners. More recent research highlights the complementarity of these t ..."
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Much of the research on the impacts of electronic communication networks such as the Internet presents as competing substitutes personal, embedded relationships and computer-mediated, arm’s-length relationships between exchange partners. More recent research highlights the complementarity

Davenport-Schinzel Sequences and Their Geometric Applications

by Pankaj K. Agarwal , Micha Sharir , 1998
"... An (n; s) Davenport-Schinzel sequence, for positive integers n and s, is a sequence composed of n distinct symbols with the properties that no two adjacent elements are equal, and that it does not contain, as a (possibly non-contiguous) subsequence, any alternation a \Delta \Delta \Delta b \Delta \ ..."
Abstract - Cited by 439 (105 self) - Add to MetaCart
\Delta \Delta a \Delta \Delta \Delta b \Delta \Delta \Delta of length s + 2 between two distinct symbols a and b. The close relationship between Davenport-Schinzel sequences and the combinatorial structure of lower envelopes of collections of functions make the sequences very attractive because a variety

SELF-SERVE INTERNET TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIAL EMBEDDEDNESS: BALANCING RATIONALIZATION AND RELATIONSHIPS 1

by Ulrike Schultze
"... Much of the research on the impacts of electronic communication networks such as the Internet presents as competing substitutes personal, embedded relationships and computer-mediated, arm’s-length relationships between exchange partners. More recent research highlights the complementarity of these t ..."
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Much of the research on the impacts of electronic communication networks such as the Internet presents as competing substitutes personal, embedded relationships and computer-mediated, arm’s-length relationships between exchange partners. More recent research highlights the complementarity

Embodied conversational agents

by Justine Cassell, Catherine Pelachaud, Norman I. Badler, Mark Steedman, Brett Achorn , 2000
"... We describe an implemented system which automatically generates and animates conversations between multiple human-like agents with appropriate and synchronized speech, intonation, facial expressions, and hand gestures. Conversations are created by a dialogue planner that produces the text as well as ..."
Abstract - Cited by 393 (4 self) - Add to MetaCart
as the intonation of the utterances. The speaker/listener relationship, the text, and the intonation in turn drive facial expressions, lip motions, eye gaze, head motion, and arm gesture generators. Coordinated arm, wrist, and hand motions are invoked to create semantically meaningful gestures. Throughout, we

Contractual Frictions and Global Sourcing

by Pol Antràs, Elhanan Helpman , 2007
"... We generalize the Antràs and Helpman (2004) model of the international organization of production in order to accommodate varying degrees of contractual frictions. In particular, we allow the degree of contractibility to vary across inputs and countries. A continuum of …rms with heterogeneous produc ..."
Abstract - Cited by 34 (3 self) - Add to MetaCart
productivities decide whether to integrate or outsource the production of intermediate inputs, and from which country to source them. Final-good producers and their suppliers make relationship-speci…c investments which are only partially contractible, both in an integrated …rm and in an arm’s-length relationship

Dispensing Law at the Front Lines: Ethical Dilemmas in Law Librarianship

by Mariae Protti
"... THELAW LIBRARIAN has special ethical dilemmas because transferring information is so important in the American legal system. A duty exists, the article states, to keep legal queries confidential, but there is no clearly defined duty for the librarian not to comment on the law. Other concerns discuss ..."
Abstract - Cited by 1 (0 self) - Add to MetaCart
discussed are providing services to those neglected by lawyers and librarians maintaining more than an arm’s length relationship with vendors. The possible establishment of an American Association of Law Libraries (AALL) commission to review the ethics of law librarian activities is also covered. The day
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