the intricate effect of collaboration on innovation

Abstract. Mobile code refers to programs that come into a host computer over the network and start to execute with or without user’s knowledge or consent. Because these programs run in the execution context of the user that downloads them, they can issue any system calls that the user is allowed to make, and thus pose a serious security threat when they are malicious. Although many solutions have been proposed to solve the malicious mobile code problem, none of them are truly effective at striking a good balance between defeating zero-day attacks and minimizing disruption to the execution of legitimate applications. This paper describes a commercial system called SEES that secures the execution of mobile code that comes into a host computer as an email attachment or as a web document downloaded through an anchor link by running them on a separate guinea pig machine rather than on the user machine. Effectively, it takes an isolation approach to the secure mobile code execution problem. As a result, SEES guarantees that no malicious email attachments or web documents can act on behalf of the user that downloads them, can damage the resources of the user machine, or can leak any confidential information. In particular, even zero-day virus cannot cause any harms. We present the design, implementation and evaluation of SEES on the Windows platform, and contrast it with other existing approaches to the same problem. 1

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(Article begins on next page) The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Citation Liu, Yang-Yu, Jean-Jacques Slotine, and Albert-László Barabási.2012. Control centrality and hierarchical structure in complex

doi:10.1093/carcin/bgr224

bunch of elements Rn(λ) (i) obeying Artin-Yang-Baxter’s commutation relations

NO co-adsorption with X (X = Na, O, S, and Cl) on Au and Pd(111) surfaces is studied using density functional theory (DFT) calculations to get a deeper insight into the extraordinary sulfur enhanced adsorption on the Au surface. It is found that both electronegative and electropositive adatoms can enhance NO adsorption on Au(111). In Na + NO/Au(111), the strong electrostatic attraction between Na and NO dominates and stabilizes NO adsorption, though Na-induced surface negative charging weakens NO adsorption. In (O, S, Cl) + NO/Au, the electronegative atoms would induce a slight surface distortion and enhance NO adsorption accordingly. NO adsorption on Pd(111) is enhanced by Na, but weakened by electronegative species. We suggest that the unique features of noble metals, i.e., the narrow DOS at the Fermi level (EF) and the deep buried d-band center, should play an important role in the promotion of NO adsorption on their surface as the CO case. 1.

Apigenin induces apoptosis in human lung cancer H460 cells through caspase- and

of tylophorine

Combinational lossless data hiding in the spatial and frequency domains is proposed. In the spatial domain, a secret message is embedded in a host medium using the min-max algorithm to generate a stego-image. Subsequently, the stego-image is decomposed into the frequency domain via the integer wavelet transform (IWT). Then, a watermark is hidden in the low-high (LH) and high-low (HL) subbands of the IWT domain using the coefficient-bias approach. Simulations confirm that the hidden data is successfully extracted and the host image is completely recovered. In addition, the perceptual quality of the mixed image generated by the proposed method is good. Moreover, the mixed images are robust against attacks such as JPEG2000, JPEG, brightness adjustment, and inversion.