Many machine learning technologies such as support vector machines, boosting, and neural networks have been applied to the ranking problem in information retrieval. However, since originally the methods were not developed for this task, their loss functions do not directly link to the criteria used in the evaluation of ranking. Specifically, the loss functions are defined on the level of documents or document pairs, in contrast to the fact that the evaluation criteria are defined on the level of queries. Therefore, minimizing the loss functions does not necessarily imply enhancing ranking performances. To solve this problem, we propose using query-level loss functions in learning of ranking functions. We discuss the basic properties that a query-level loss function should have and propose a query-level loss function based on the cosine similarity between a ranking list and the corresponding ground truth. We further design a coordinate descent algorithm, referred to as RankCosine, which utilizes the proposed loss function to create a generalized additive ranking model. We also discuss whether the loss functions of existing ranking algorithms can be extended to query-level. Experimental results on the datasets of TREC web track, OHSUMED, and a commercial web search engine show that with the use of the proposed querylevel loss function we can significantly improve ranking accuracies. Furthermore, we found that it is difficult to extend the document-level loss functions to query-level loss functions.

Abstract. In this article, Vertical A/O-MBR was used as the experimental device to study membrane fouling through dosing cylindrical rigid suspended fillers, and the best conditions for membrane fouling control and effluent quality with fillers was discussed. Results showed that the critical flux zone decreased. When the MLSS was 5g/L and the suspended fillers dose was 1%, 5%, 10%, respectively, TMP increased rapidly with the quantity, greater quantity of fillers speeded up the membrane fouling process, and in small quantity membrane fouling had some delay action. The best dosing of fillers was determined as 7 % in the condition of MLSS=5g/L, and the effluent quality was good.

Abstract: With biofilm reactor and continuous membrane filtration as the core, this paper proposes to establish biochemical module and membrane processing module, which can form the biofilm-membrane filtration process. In the part of biochemical module, diverse processing function can be realized by adjusting the operation conditions of the pumps and fans. Meanwhile, the number and operation condition of biochemical module could be changed flexibly according to the actual processing needs. Thereby, the standardization and generalization of biochemical module can be achieved. And in the part of membrane processing module, the processing capacity can also be expanded through frequency converting control and increasing the number of membrane module. An engineering project of decentralized sewage reuse is built, and the outlet water quality can reach the expected standard, which suggests that the modular design concept has good feasibility.

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Benefits of early tracheotomy: a meta-analysis based on six observational

Abstract: Based on extensive research, introduced the peak load regulation characteristics and capacity of different nuclear power plant (NPP) in this paper. The running mode of NPP participating in peak load regulation of power system, combined operation tactics of NPP with other peaking power source and synergistic scheduling of an integrated power generation system with wind, photovoltaic, energy storage unit and NPP were summarized, technology development trend of NPP participating in peak load regulation of power system was analyzed and forecasted. I.

BACKGROUND: Whether early tracheotomy can improve the clinical outcomes of critically ill patients remains controversial. The current study aimed to discuss the potential benefits of early tracheotomy compared to late tracheotomy with meta-analysis of observational studies. METH-ODS: An electronic search (up to February 28, 2013) was conducted by a uniform requirement, and then clinical data satisfying the predefined inclusion criteria were extracted. RESULTS: Data from a total of 2,037 subjects were included from 6 observational retrospective studies. Meta-analysis suggested that early tracheotomy was associated with significant reductions in mortality (odds ratio 0.77, 95 % CI 0.62–0.96), duration of mechanical ventilation (mean difference 10.04, 95 % CI –15.15 to 4.92), ICU stay (mean difference 8.80 d, 95 % CI –9.71 to 7.89 d), and hospital stay (mean difference 12.18 d, 95 % CI –18.25 to 6.11 d). However, as compared with late trache-otomy, early tracheotomy did not reduce the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia. CON-CLUSIONS: Our meta-analysis of retrospective observational studies suggests that early trache-otomy performed between days 3 and 7 after intubation had some advantages, including decreased mortality and reduced ICU stay, hospital stay, and mechanical ventilation duration in ICU patients. Key words: tracheotomy; ICU; critically ill patients; mechanical ventilation; meta-analysis. [Respir Care

Abstract. Multiphase La1-xSrxFe1-yCoyO3-δ has been synthesized by sol-gel method and characterized by powder X-diffraction. Structure refinements of multiphase were undertaken to analyze compositions of compounds, and structure parameters were determined by Rietveld method, respectively. It was found that products were easier to be prepared in the condition of a precursor dealed with by high-speed disintegrator, and products synthesized at 1173K were composed of two phases of which La0.75Sr0.25Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ is an orthorhombic structure with space group Pbnm and La0.46Sr0.54Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ trigonal structure with space group R-3c. Structure geometry becomes more regular with increasing Sr content.

Protein kinase C epsilon (PKCε), an oncogene overexpressed in several human cancers, is involved in cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and survival. However, its roles in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are unclear. This study aimed to investigate the functions of PKCε in RCC, especially in clear cell RCC, to determine the possibility of using it as a therapeutic target. By immunohistochemistry, we found that the expression of PKCε was up-regulated in RCCs and was associated with tumor Fuhrman grade and T stage in clear cell RCCs. Clone formation, wound healing, and Borden assays showed that down-regulating PKCε by RNA interference resulted in inhibition of the growth, migration, and invasion of clear cell RCC cell line 769P and, more importantly, sensitized cells to chemotherapeutic drugs as indicated by enhanced activity of caspase-3 in PKCε siRNA-transfected cells. These results indicate that the overexpression of PKCε is associated with an aggressive phenotype of clear cell RCC and may be a potential therapeutic target for this disease.

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