Abstract not found

Efficiently processing queries against very large graphs is an important research topic largely driven by emerging real world applications, as diverse as XML databases, GIS, web mining, social network analysis, ontologies, and bioinformatics. In particular, graph reachability has attracted a lot of research attention as reachability queries are not only common on graph databases, but they also serve as fundamental operations for many other graph queries. The main idea behind answering reachability queries in graphs is to build indices based on reachability labels. Essentially, each vertex in the graph is assigned with certain labels such that the reachability between any two vertices can be determined by their labels. Several approaches have been proposed for building these reachability labels; among them are interval labeling (tree cover) and 2-hop labeling. However, due to the large number of vertices in many real world graphs (some graphs can easily contain millions of vertices), the computational cost and (index) size of the labels using existing methods would prove too expensive to be practical. In this paper, we introduce a novel graph structure, referred to as pathtree, to help labeling very large graphs. The path-tree cover is a spanning subgraph of G in a tree shape. We demonstrate both analytically and empirically the effectiveness of our new approaches.

Most existing bottom-up methods measure the foreground saliency of a pixel or region based on its contrast within a local context or the entire image, whereas a few methods focus on segmenting out background regions and thereby salient objects. Instead of considering the contrast between the salient objects and their surrounding regions, we consider both foreground and background cues in a different way. We rank the similarity of the image elements (pixels or regions) with foreground cues or background cues via graph-based manifold ranking. The saliency of the image elements is defined based on their relevances to the given seeds or queries. We represent the image as a close-loop graph with superpixels as nodes. These nodes are ranked based on the similarity to background and foreground queries, based on affinity matrices. Saliency detection is carried out in a two-stage scheme to extract background regions and foreground salient objects efficiently. Experimental results on two large benchmark databases demonstrate the proposed method performs well when against the state-of-the-art methods in terms of accuracy and speed. We also create a more difficult benchmark database containing 5,172 images to test the proposed saliency model and make this database publicly available with this paper for further studies in the saliency field. 1.

OF THE 20TH CENTURY, Ruan Yijun ,=a successful overseas Chinese businessman based in Kuala Lumpur, visited his ancestral home in Dongan (Yunfu) county along the West River (Xijiang ) basin in western

Copyright © 2014 Guang-ping Ruan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Background. Systemic lupus erythematosus

Casagrande, who have provided me extensive personal and professional guidance and taught me a great deal about scientific research. I am very thankful to all McMahon lab members. Dr. Dao-Qi Zhang, Dr. Karen Gamble, Dr. Bin Zhao, Dr.Gregg Allen, Tongrong Zhou, Guoxiang Ruan, Ziyi Sun, Chris

We describe the case of a 41-year-old woman who presented with a malignant myoepithelioma (MME) in her left maxillary sinus. Exploratory biopsy of the left maxillary sinus was performed and pathological examination demonstrated that the tumour was positive for calponin and cytokeratin 14, which are indicative of MME. Lateral rhinotomy and left total maxillectomy were undertaken and the patient received radiotherapy and chemotherapy post-surgery. Primary recurrence and metastasis to the left angle of the mandible occurred 9 months after the surgery. The patient died of cachexia 13 months after the surgery.

The Chinese household registration system (hukou) may be the most important determinant of differential privilege in state socialist China. Urban registrants are entitled to the best jobs, education, housing, and health care-- all of which are unavailable to those with rural registration. Thus, transforming one’s hukou status from rural to urban is a central aspect of upward mobility. But given that hukou status is essentially ascribed at birth, how do rural hukou holders affect this change to urban status? Using data from a 1996 national probability sample, we found that education, communist party membership, and military service are the main determinants of ruralto-urban Sociologists have become interested in the spatial dimension of social stratification in recent decades. As a result, we now know that, in the United States, place of residence can exert a

In this paper, we propose a visual saliency detection al-gorithm from the perspective of reconstruction errors. The image boundaries are first extracted via superpixels as like-ly cues for background templates, from which dense and sparse appearance models are constructed. For each im-age region, we first compute dense and sparse reconstruc-tion errors. Second, the reconstruction errors are propa-gated based on the contexts obtained from K-means cluster-ing. Third, pixel-level saliency is computed by an integra-tion of multi-scale reconstruction errors and refined by an object-biased Gaussian model. We apply the Bayes formula to integrate saliency measures based on dense and sparse reconstruction errors. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm performs favorably against seventeen state-of-the-art methods in terms of precision and recall. In addition, the proposed algorithm is demonstrated to be more effective in highlighting salient objects uniformly and robust to background noise. 1.

Etiology analysis and computed tomography imaging of a tonsillar inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor: report of an immunocompetent patient and brief review