In nutrient-rich, vegetative conditions, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae transports a resident protease, aminopeptidase I (API), to the vacuole by the cytoplasm to vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway, thus contributing to the degradative capacity of this organelle. When cells subsequently encounter starva-tion conditions, the machinery that recruited precursor API (prAPI) also sequesters bulk cytosol for delivery, breakdown, and recycling in the vacuole by the au-tophagy pathway. Each of these overlapping alternative transport pathways is specifically mobilized depending on environmental cues. The basic mechanism of cargo packaging and delivery involves the formation of a double-membrane transport vesicle around prAPI and/or bulk cytosol. Upon completion, these Cvt and autophagic vesicles are targeted to the vacuole to al-low delivery of their lumenal contents. Key questions remain regarding the origin and for-mation of the transport vesicle. In this study, we have cloned the APG9/CVT7 gene and characterized the gene product. Apg9p/Cvt7p is the first characterized in-tegral membrane protein required for Cvt and autoph-agy transport. Biochemical and morphological analyses indicate that Apg9p/Cvt7p is localized to large perivac-uolar punctate structures, but does not colocalize with typical endomembrane marker proteins. Finally, we have isolated a temperature conditional allele of

Abstract: Thirteen polyphenolics were isolated from fresh pods of Caesalpinia pulcherrima using various methods of column chromatography. The structures of these polyphenolics were elucidated as gallic acid (1), methyl gallate (2), 6-O-galloyl-D-glucoside (3), methyl 6-O-galloyl-β-D-glucoside (4), methyl 3,6-di-O-galloyl-α-D-glucopyranoside (5), gentisic acid 5-O-α-D-(6'-O-galloyl)glucopyranoside (6), guaiacylglycerol

to Dr. W.P. Huang for giving me the oppor-

We describe a "topology advisor" for routing of critical (multisource) buses in building-block design. The tool accepts as input a block layout, a two-layer routing cost structure superposed over the block layout, terminal locations for a multi-source bus, and source-sink delay upper bound (linear or Elmore delay) constraints for all terminal pairs. The b best routing solutions (b a user parameter) that satisfy all constraints are returned. Efficient implementations of exhaustive search are used to guarantee optimal results when practical, and otherwise yield fast, high-quality results (if the problem is large or if the constraints are loose). Practical features include: (i) modeling of per-region and per-layer routing costs, (ii) routing to terminals located inside blocks, (iii) optional splitting of k-pin bus routes when the optimal routing passes through narrow channels, and (iv) heuristic speedups based on clustering and sampling. 1 Introduction In today's deep-submicron technol...

Employment Versus Hours Elasticities by Sex and Marital Status”

Figure 1: Our algorithm ranks randomly-selected photos from the Flickr website. Here we show two photos (left two) out of the top 100 and three photos (right three) out of the worst 100. A user study of 10 subjects corroborates with our hypothesis that photos can be automatically classified. Due to the popularity of digital photography, taking, viewing, and preserving photos are much easier. Nevertheless, not many peo-ple are familiar with photo esthetics rules, such as composition and color distribution. As an tool, we introduce a quantitative analy-sis method of photo composition based on well-known photogra-phy rules, such as horizon balance, intensity balance, locations of region-of-interests (ROIs), line patterns and merger avoidance. The weighting factors for each of the rules are determined by an experi-ment involving 500 photos from Flickr sites and dozens of subjects. Support Vector Regression techniques are first used to quantify and ”predict ” human evaluation, then results from more than 10,000 photos from Flickr are used for the final user study. The user study experiment corroborates with our initial hypothesis that automatic photo ranking is effective. Furthermore, 2000 photos from dpchal-lenge website are used for training (1000) and test (1000), with two class classification to find the better and worse ones, and we are able to get 80.9 % accuracy as compared to human rating.

data. The value of γ in the range of 90 ◦ − 130 ◦ and 220 ◦ − 260 ◦ is favored, while the ¯ B0 → ¯ K0π0 rate is suppressed. Direct CP violation for B → Kπ modes can be large if final state interaction phases are large. PACS numbers: 13.20.He, 11.30.Er, 12.38.Bx 1 Typeset using REVTEXThe CLEO

and destructive interference. Asymmetries could reach 40–60 % for Kπ and φK modes and are all of the same sign. We are unable to account for K − π 0 rate. Our inclusive study supports our exclusive results. PACS numbers: 13.20.He, 11.30.Er 12.60.-i Typeset using REVTEX 1 Half a dozen charmless two body B decays

The authors would like to acknowledge the able assistance of Wei-Jang Huang, Kristine Kracker

oxidobenzohydrazidato(3)]tetra-pyridinetrinickel(II) dimethylformamide monosolvate monohydrate