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9,450
Integration of trade and disintegration of production in the global economy
- Journal of Economic Perspectives
, 1998
"... The last few decades have seen a spectacular integration of the global economy through trade. The rising integration of world markets has brought with it a disintegration of the production process, however, as manufacturing or services activities done abroad are combined with those performed at home ..."
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Cited by 496 (7 self)
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The last few decades have seen a spectacular integration of the global economy through trade. The rising integration of world markets has brought with it a disintegration of the production process, however, as manufacturing or services activities done abroad are combined with those performed
Dynamic Bayesian Networks: Representation, Inference and Learning
, 2002
"... Modelling sequential data is important in many areas of science and engineering. Hidden Markov models (HMMs) and Kalman filter models (KFMs) are popular for this because they are simple and flexible. For example, HMMs have been used for speech recognition and bio-sequence analysis, and KFMs have bee ..."
Abstract
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Cited by 770 (3 self)
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Modelling sequential data is important in many areas of science and engineering. Hidden Markov models (HMMs) and Kalman filter models (KFMs) are popular for this because they are simple and flexible. For example, HMMs have been used for speech recognition and bio-sequence analysis, and KFMs have
Formalising trust as a computational concept
, 1994
"... Trust is a judgement of unquestionable utility — as humans we use it every day of our lives. However, trust has suffered from an imperfect understanding, a plethora of definitions, and informal use in the literature and in everyday life. It is common to say “I trust you, ” but what does that mean? T ..."
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Cited by 529 (6 self)
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Trust is a judgement of unquestionable utility — as humans we use it every day of our lives. However, trust has suffered from an imperfect understanding, a plethora of definitions, and informal use in the literature and in everyday life. It is common to say “I trust you, ” but what does that mean
The file drawer problem and tolerance for null results
- Psychological Bulletin
, 1979
"... For any given research area, one cannot tell how many studies have been con-ducted but never reported. The extreme view of the "file drawer problem " is that journals are filled with the 5 % of the studies that show Type I errors, while the file drawers are filled with the 95 % of the stud ..."
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Cited by 497 (0 self)
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For any given research area, one cannot tell how many studies have been con-ducted but never reported. The extreme view of the "file drawer problem " is that journals are filled with the 5 % of the studies that show Type I errors, while the file drawers are filled with the 95
Power laws, Pareto distributions and Zipf’s law
"... Many of the things that scientists measure have a typical size or “scale”—a typical value around which individual measurements are centred. A simple example would be the heights of human beings. Most adult human beings are about 180cm tall. There is some variation around this figure, notably dependi ..."
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Cited by 413 (0 self)
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depending on sex, but we never see people who are 10cm tall, or 500cm. To make this observation more quantitative, one can plot a histogram of people’s heights, as I have done in Fig. 1a. The figure shows the heights in centimetres of adult men in the United States measured between 1959 and 1962, and indeed
The stages of economic growth.
- Economic History Review , 2nd series 12,
, 1959
"... JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about J ..."
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Cited by 297 (0 self)
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closed model, a dynamic theory of production must account for changing stocks of basic and applied science, as sectoral aspects of investment, which is done in The Process of Economic Growth, especially pp. 22-25. 2 Ibid. pp. 96-i03.
Bus-invert coding for low-power I/O
- IEEE TRANS. VLSI SYST
, 1995
"... Technology trends and especially portable applications drive the quest for low-power VLSI design. Solutions that involve algorithmic, structural or physical transformations are sought. The focus is on developing low-power circuits without affecting too much the performance (area, latency, period). ..."
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Cited by 222 (5 self)
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capacitances involved much of the power dissipated by an IC is at the U0 little has been specifically done for decreasing the U0 power dissipation. We propose the Bus-Znvert method of coding the U0 which lowers the bus activity and thus decreases the U0 peak power dissipation by 50 % and the U0 average power
Scheduling Real-Time Applications in an Open Environment
- in Proceedings of the 18th IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium, IEEE Computer
, 1997
"... This paper focuses on the problem of providing run-time support to real-time applications and non-real-time applications in an open system environment. It extends the two-level hierarchical scheduling scheme in [12] for scheduling independently developed applications. The extended scheme removes the ..."
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Cited by 211 (3 self)
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analysis must be done globally (i.e., by analyzing all applications in the system together) in...
Selection, Tinkering, and Emergence in Complex Networks - Crossing the Land of Tinkering
- Complexity
, 2003
"... In this article the different features exhibited by four types of natural and artificial networks are reviewed, after a brief account of the basic quantitative characterizations that allow to measure network complexity. Some key questions that will be explored are: 1. What mechanisms have originated ..."
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Cited by 23 (4 self)
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In this article the different features exhibited by four types of natural and artificial networks are reviewed, after a brief account of the basic quantitative characterizations that allow to measure network complexity. Some key questions that will be explored are: 1. What mechanisms have
A Review of Evolutionary Artificial Neural Networks
, 1993
"... Research on potential interactions between connectionist learning systems, i.e., artificial neural networks (ANNs), and evolutionary search procedures, like genetic algorithms (GAs), has attracted a lot of attention recently. Evolutionary ANNs (EANNs) can be considered as the combination of ANNs and ..."
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Cited by 202 (23 self)
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shows that although a lot of work has been done on the evolution of connection weights and of architectures, few attempts have been made to understand the evolution of learning rules. Interactions among different evolutions are seldom mentioned in current research. However, the evolution of learning
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