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2,152
Motivation through the Design of Work: Test of a Theory. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance,
, 1976
"... A model is proposed that specifies the conditions under which individuals will become internally motivated to perform effectively on their jobs. The model focuses on the interaction among three classes of variables: (a) the psychological states of employees that must be present for internally motiv ..."
Abstract
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Cited by 622 (2 self)
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It should be noted that self-generated motivation should be highest when all three of the psychological states are present. If the performer feels fully responsible for work outcomes on a meaningful task, but never finds out how well he is performing, it is doubtful that he will experience the internal
Toward an instance theory of automatization
- Psychological Review
, 1988
"... This article presents a theory in which automatization is construed as the acquisition of a domain-specific knowledge base, formed of separate representations, instances, of each exposure to the task. Processing is considered automatic if it relies on retrieval of stored instances, which will occur ..."
Abstract
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Cited by 647 (38 self)
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This article presents a theory in which automatization is construed as the acquisition of a domain-specific knowledge base, formed of separate representations, instances, of each exposure to the task. Processing is considered automatic if it relies on retrieval of stored instances, which will occur
Fusion, Propagation, and Structuring in Belief Networks
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
, 1986
"... Belief networks are directed acyclic graphs in which the nodes represent propositions (or variables), the arcs signify direct dependencies between the linked propositions, and the strengths of these dependencies are quantified by conditional probabilities. A network of this sort can be used to repre ..."
Abstract
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Cited by 484 (8 self)
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with the task of fusing and propagating the impacts of new information through the networks in such a way that, when equilibrium is reached, each proposition will be assigned a measure of belief consistent with the axioms of probability theory. It is shown that if the network is singly connected (e.g. tree
How a Cockpit Remembers Its Speeds
- Cognitive Science
, 1995
"... Cognitive science normally takes the individual agent as its unit of analysis. In many human endeavors, however, the outcomes of interest are not determined entirely by the information processing properties of individuals. Nor can they be inferred from the properties of the individual agents, alone, ..."
Abstract
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Cited by 379 (6 self)
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and propagated in the performance of tasks. An analysis of a memory task in the cockpit of a commercial airliner shows how the cognitive properties of such distributed systems can differ radically from the cognitive properties of the individuals who inhabit them. Thirty years of research in cognitive psychology
Media will never influence learning.
- Educational Technology Research and Development,
, 1994
"... The purpose of this discussion is to explain and sharpen different points of view about the impact of media and attributes of media on learning, motivation and efficiency gains from instruction. This paper is an attempt to INTRODUCTION A Brief History of Media Research The claim of "no learnin ..."
Abstract
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Cited by 333 (7 self)
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of both treatments. Of course it is important for instructional designers to know that there are a variety of treatments that will produce a desired learning goal. However, the utility of this knowledge is largely economic. The designer can and must choose the less expensive and most cognitively efficient
An Environment for Merging and Testing Large Ontologies
, 2000
"... Large-scale ontologies are becoming an essential component of many applications including standard search (such as Yahoo and Lycos), ecommerce (such as Amazon and eBay), configuration (such as Dell and PC-Order), and government intelligence (such as DARPA’s High Performance Knowledge Base (HPKB) pro ..."
Abstract
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Cited by 278 (12 self)
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Large-scale ontologies are becoming an essential component of many applications including standard search (such as Yahoo and Lycos), ecommerce (such as Amazon and eBay), configuration (such as Dell and PC-Order), and government intelligence (such as DARPA’s High Performance Knowledge Base (HPKB
Natural language processing (almost) from scratch
, 2011
"... We propose a unified neural network architecture and learning algorithm that can be applied to various natural language processing tasks including part-of-speech tagging, chunking, named entity recognition, and semantic role labeling. This versatility is achieved by trying to avoid task-specific eng ..."
Abstract
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Cited by 248 (18 self)
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-specific engineering and therefore disregarding a lot of prior knowledge. Instead of exploiting man-made input features carefully optimized for each task, our system learns internal representations on the basis of vast amounts of mostly unlabeled training data. This work is then used as a basis for building a freely
The Complexity of Concept Languages
, 1995
"... The basic feature of Terminological Knowledge Representation Systems is to represent knowledge by means of taxonomies, here called terminologies, and to provide a specialized reasoning engine to do inferences on these structures. The taxonomy is built through a representation language called concept ..."
Abstract
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Cited by 242 (35 self)
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The basic feature of Terminological Knowledge Representation Systems is to represent knowledge by means of taxonomies, here called terminologies, and to provide a specialized reasoning engine to do inferences on these structures. The taxonomy is built through a representation language called
Brain activation modulated by sentence comprehension.
- Science
, 1996
"... The comprehension of visually presented sentences produces brain activation that increases with the linguistic complexity of the sentence. The volume of neural tissue activated (number of voxels) during sentence comprehension was measured with echoplanar functional magnetic resonance imaging. The m ..."
Abstract
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Cited by 187 (35 self)
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that were more computationally demanding also engender more brain activation (2, 3). At the cognitive level, sentence comprehension requires combining information from a sequence of words and phrases, computing their syntactic and thematic relations, and using world knowledge to construct a representation
Behavioral theories and the neurophysiology of reward,
- Annu. Rev. Psychol.
, 2006
"... ■ Abstract The functions of rewards are based primarily on their effects on behavior and are less directly governed by the physics and chemistry of input events as in sensory systems. Therefore, the investigation of neural mechanisms underlying reward functions requires behavioral theories that can ..."
Abstract
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Cited by 187 (0 self)
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-calculated decision of a barge captain on how to get the most out of his money and time. The performance in these tasks is managed by the brain, which assesses the values and uncertainties of predictable outcomes (sausage, ale, wine, lock pricing, and access to resources) and directs the individuals' decisions
Results 1 - 10
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