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Evolutionary History of Tissue Kallikreins

by unknown authors
"... The gene family of human kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) encodes proteins with diverse and pleiotropic functions in normal physiology as well as in disease states. Currently, the most widely known KLK is KLK3 or prostate-specific antigen (PSA) that has applications in clinical diagnosis and mon ..."
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and monitoring of prostate cancer. The KLK gene family encompasses the largest contiguous cluster of serine proteases in humans which is not interrupted by non-KLK genes. This exceptional and unique characteristic of KLKs makes them ideal for evolutionary studies aiming to infer the direction and timing of gene

Evolutionary History of the Cancer Immunity Antigen MAGE Gene Family

by Yukako Katsura, Yoko Satta , 2011
"... The evolutionary mode of a multi-gene family can change over time, depending on the functional differentiation and local genomic environment of family members. In this study, we demonstrate such a change in the melanoma antigen (MAGE) gene family on the mammalian X chromosome. The MAGE gene family i ..."
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proliferation. The evolutionary history of the MAGE gene family can be divided into four phases. In phase I, a single-copy state of an ancestral gene and the evolutionarily conserved mode had lasted until the emergence of eutherian mammals. In phase II, eight subfamily ancestors, with the exception for MAGE-C

Evolutionary history of Trypanosoma cruzi according to antigen genes

by M. Rozas, S. De Doncker, X. Coronado, M. Tibyarenc, A. Solari, J. -c. Dujardin
"... Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of Chagas disease is associated with a very high clinical and epidemiological pleomorphism. This might be better understood through studies on the evolutionary history of the parasite. We explored here the value of antigen genes for the understanding of the evolution wit ..."
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DTUs: (i) lineage I, being encountered in sylvatic as well as domestic transmission cycles, (ii) IIa/c being associated with a sylvatic transmission cycle and (iii) IIb/d/e being associated with a domestic transmission cycle. Our study also supported the hypothesis that the evolutionary history of T

Species Delineation and Evolutionary History of the Globally Distributed

by Spotted Eagle Ray (aetobatus Narinari, Vincent P. Richards Marcy Henning , 2009
"... The spotted eagle ray (Aetobatus narinari), a large coral reef–associated batoid of conservation concern, is currently described as a single, circumglobally distributed species. However, geographic differences in its morphology and parasite diversity have raised unconfirmed suspicions that A. narina ..."
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. narinari may constitute a species complex. We used 1570 bp of mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data (cytochrome b, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, and internal transcribed spacer 2) to assess the validity of A. narinari as a single cosmopolitan species and infer its evolutionary history. Specimens from 4

Molecular Epidemiology of HIV-1 Subtypes in India: Origin and Evolutionary History of the Predominant

by Subtype C, Ujjwal Neogi, Irene Bontell, Anita Shet, Ayesha De Costa, Soham Gupta, Vishal Diwan, Ranbir S. Laishram, Ajay Wanchu, Udaykumar Ranga, Akhil C. Banerjea
"... Background: India has the third largest HIV-1 epidemic with 2.4 million infected individuals. Molecular epidemiological analysis has identified the predominance of HIV-1 subtype C (HIV-1C). However, the previous reports have been limited by sample size, and uneven geographical distribution. The intr ..."
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Background: India has the third largest HIV-1 epidemic with 2.4 million infected individuals. Molecular epidemiological analysis has identified the predominance of HIV-1 subtype C (HIV-1C). However, the previous reports have been limited by sample size, and uneven geographical distribution

Darwin and evolutionary tales in leukemia

by Mel Greaves
"... All cancers evolve by a process of genetic diversification and “natural selection ” akin to the process first described by Charles Darwin for species evolution. The evolutionary, natural history of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is almost entirely covert, clinically silent and well adv ..."
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All cancers evolve by a process of genetic diversification and “natural selection ” akin to the process first described by Charles Darwin for species evolution. The evolutionary, natural history of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is almost entirely covert, clinically silent and well

Reading Evolutionary History of Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases from Genome Sequences

by Kiyotaka Shiba, Hiromi Motegi, Tetsuo Noda
"... Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) are believed to have arisen early in the evolution of life as the essential components that establish the link between triplet codons and amino acids. We have cloned and sequenced eight cDNAs for human cytoplasmic ARSs. Along with twelve sequences that have been rep ..."
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reported from other laboratories, a set of 20 human cytoplasmic ARS genes is now available. We compared these human ARSs with 400 sequences of ARS currently available from various organisms and deduced the possible evolutionary history of these enzymes. The availability of complete sets of ARSs from

Substrate Adaptability of Periplasmic Substrate-binding Proteins as a Function of their Evolutionary Histories

by Nathalie Boucher, Nathalie Boucher , 2014
"... The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters play an important role in the uptake of nutrients in bacterial and archaeal cells. The bacterium Thermotoga maritima has an unusually high number of ABC transporters. However, only a few of them have been characterized due to the variety of substrates they ..."
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throughput assay, the ligands of trehalose-binding protein (TreE) and xylose-binding protein (XylE2) in Thermotoga maritima as well as representatives of the mannoside-binding proteins (Man) in the Thermotoga species were identified. The phylogeny of the mannose-binding proteins is interesting because

Evolutionary Forensic Psychology

by Joshua D. Duntley, Todd, K. Shackelford
"... Forensic psychology is a burgeoning fi eld in the social and behavioral sciences. It explores the application of the science and the profession of psychology, including questions and issues relating to the law and legal systems. Research and practice in forensic psychology have been approached from ..."
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understanding of psychology and the law. Why Evolutionary Forensic Psychology? Evolutionary psychology uses an adaptationist approach to explore the cognitive foundations of behavior. Over the deep history of humankind, individuals faced spe-cifi c recurrent problems, generation after generation, that affected

review Evolutionary History of the Helicobacter pylori Genome: Implications for Gastric Carcinogenesis

by Pelayo Correa, M. Blanca Piazuelo
"... The genome of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori has evolved over the millennia since its migration out of Africa along with its human host approximately 60,000 years ago. Human migrations, after thousands of years of permanent settlement in those lands, resulted in seven prototypes of genetic popula ..."
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. The relationship between H. pylori genome and gastric cancer rates is linked to the presence of the cagA gene, but the knowledge on this subject is incomplete because other genes may be involved in certain populations. A new situation for Homo sapiens is the absence of H. pylori colonization in certain, mostly
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