Abstract not found

activities such as rent seeking or organized crime. This allocation is heavily influenced by the relative payoffs society offers to such activities. This implies that policy can influence the allocation of entrepreneurship more effectively than it can influence its supply. Historical evidence from ancient

's Examinations We begin our inquiry into concep-tions of teacher knowledge with the tests for teachers that were used in this country during the last century This paper was a Presidential Ad-dress at the 1985 annual meeting of

Since 1973 technological, political, regulatory, and economic forces have been changing the worldwide economy in a fashion comparable to the changes experienced during the nineteenth century Industrial Revolution. As in the nineteenth century, we are experiencing declining costs, increaing average (but decreasing marginal) productivity of labor, reduced growth rates of labor income, excess capacity, and the requirement for downsizing and exit. The last two decades indicate corporate internal control systems have failed to deal effectively with these changes, especially slow growth and the requirement for exit. The next several decades pose a major challenge for Western firms and political systems as these forces continue to work their way through the worldwide economy.

was first used to describe the negative

Among countries colonized by European powers during the past 500 years those that were relatively rich in 1500 are now relatively poor. We document this reversal using data on urbanization patterns, which, we argue, proxy for economic prosperity. This reversal is inconsistent with a view that links

Why is corruption — the misuse of public office for private gain — perceived to be more widespread in some countries than others? Different theories associate this with particular historical and cultural traditions, levels of economic development, political institutions, and government policies

NOTE: We will make final revisions to this paper in July 2000, at which time we will make reference to all pertinent papers that have come to our attention by June 30, 2000. If anyone reading this survey knows of a pertinent paper not presently included in the list of references, please send a copy or a reference to one of us. *Djankov is Financial Economist at the World Bank. Murrell is Professor of Economics and Chair of the Academic Council of the IRIS Center, University of Maryland. We would like to thank Judy Hellerstein, John McMillan, John Nellis, and Jan Svejnar for helpful advice and Wooyoung Kim and Tatiana Nenova for research assistance. This research was made possible through support provided by the World Bank and by the U.S. Agency for International Development under Cooperative Agreement No. DHR-0015-A-00-0031-00 to the Center for Institutional Reform and the Informal Sector (IRIS). The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the IRIS Center, US AID, the World Bank, its Executive Directors, or the countries they represent. Enterprise Restructuring in Transition: A Quantitative Survey Abstract. There are now over 125 empirical papers that analyze the process of enterprise restructuring in transition

Botiingen Foundation, andpttt.!.,.: b % / ,.,;:,c,m B<,.ik.*, second

It is assumed that people seek positive self-regard; that is, they are motivated to possess, enhance, and maintain positive self-views. The cross-cultural generalizability of such motivations was addressed by examining Japanese culture. Anthropological, sociological, and psychological analyses