Database management systems will continue to manage large data volumes. Thus, efficient algorithms for accessing and manipulating large sets and sequences will be required to provide acceptable performance. The advent of object-oriented and extensible database systems will not solve this problem

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management. We formalize the notion of a secure group as a triple (U; K;R) where U denotes a set of users, K a set of keys held by the users, and R a user-key relation. We then introduce key graphs to specify secure groups. For a special class of key graphs, we present three strategies for securely

reference to the social issues in management literature. We wish to express our appreciation to the Franklin Research and Development Corporation for allowing us to use their proprietary database and to Roger Chope and Steven Matsunaga for assistance with methodological issues. We also thank Thomas

of issues which still make distributed data processing a complex undertaking: (1) distributed systems can become very large involving thousands of heterogeneous sites including PCs and mainframe server machines � (2) the state of a distributed system changes rapidly because the load of sites varies over

that require online trusted authorities or certificate repositories are not well-suited for securing ad hoc networks. In this paper, we propose a fully self-organized public-key management system that allows users to generate their public-private key pairs, to issue certificates, and to perform authentication

), and the July 1994 special issue of the Academy of Management Review (vol, 19. no. 3) on "total quality." In recent years, total quality management (TOM) has become something of a social movement in the United States. This commentary returns to the writings of the movement's founders-W. Edwards

work in game theory and economics on the topic of reputation. It discusses how this body of work is being extended and combined with insights from computer science, management science, sociology, and psychology to take into consideration the special properties of online environments. Finally

if the overachieving style of leadership may be successful in the short term, the long term performance of an organization may be damaged and an overachieving leader may demolish trust and undermine morale, reducing overall productivity. In the end, there are presented the different styles of leadership with their pro

Organizational downsizing has been a major organizational strategy emphasized by managers to improve performance since the late 1980s. Despite the popularity of downsizing in organizations, the implementation of downsizing has resulted in various negative effects on employee morale. This paper