"... In PAGE 16: ... The VOCs present in pesticides used in California, and the extent of our knowledge and ability to represent their atmospheric ozone impacts, are discussed in the following section. Volatile Organic Compounds in Pesticides Table1 shows the VOC speciation profile that is used to represent pesticide emissions in the 2000 California VOC emissions inventory. The approximate mass fractions, which represent the relative amounts of each compound that are estimated to be emitted, are also shown, with the compounds listed in order of decreasing amounts emitted.... In PAGE 16: ... Footnotes to the table indicate the meanings of the uncertainty classifications used. Note that if there is no SAPRC-99 model species indicated for a compound in Table1 , then there is presently no way to estimate the ozone impact of the compound, except by using highly lumped mechanisms whose applicability is subject to significant uncertainty. The first compound on the list is methyl bromide, which is currently represented using a placeholder mechanism that probably does not correctly represent its mechanistic reactivity.... In PAGE 16: ... Therefore, studies of the atmospheric ozone impact of this compound is not considered to be a priority for atmospheric ozone impact assessment. After methyl bromide the most important compound according to Table1 is methyl isothiocyanate (MITC). Although no environmental chamber data are available for this compound, there have been studies of its environmental fate (Wales, 2002, and references therein).... In PAGE 16: ... Although a gas-phase mechanisms for ozone reactivity assessment have not been developed for these compounds, as discussed by Finlayson-Pitts and Pitts (1997) there are kinetic and product data available for their atmospheric reactions. The other previously unstudied compounds listed on Table1 consist of various sulphur-, nitrogen- and in some cases chlorine- and phosphorous-containing compounds with varying degrees of volatility. The most volatile of these are the thiocarbamates molinate, EPTC and pebulate.... In PAGE 18: ... Table1 (continued) 9 SAPRC-99 [c] Compound or Mixture [a] CAS # Mass fract. [a] Vapor Pressure (ppm) [b] Model Species Unc.... In PAGE 19: ... Table1 (continued) 10 SAPRC-99 [c] Compound or Mixture [a] CAS # Mass fract. [a] Vapor Pressure (ppm) [b] Model Species Unc.... In PAGE 20: ... Table1 (continued) 11 [e] This compound is not part of the standard SAPRC-99 mechanism because it requires chlorine chemistry to be represented. No uncertainty code assigned, but it is probably equivalent to 2 or 3 when chlorine chemistry is implemented.... In PAGE 21: ... This is particularly the case for the aromatics, where ozone reactivities can vary significantly from isomer to isomer, and where data for higher molecular weight isomers are highly limited (Carter, 2000a). Of the hydrocarbon mixtures listed on Table1 , those with the most uncertain ozone impacts are probably Aromatic 200 and kerosene. Many of the pesticides listed on Table 1 are either nonvolatile or have very low volatility, which means that probably reaction of the compound itself is not important in affecting atmospheric ozone.... In PAGE 21: ... Of the hydrocarbon mixtures listed on Table 1, those with the most uncertain ozone impacts are probably Aromatic 200 and kerosene. Many of the pesticides listed on Table1 are either nonvolatile or have very low volatility, which means that probably reaction of the compound itself is not important in affecting atmospheric ozone. However, when assessing the atmospheric impacts of pesticide use, it is also important to consider impacts of volatile products that might be formed when pesticides break down in the soil.... In PAGE 21: ... Based on the above considerations, and after discussions with the staff of the CARB and the California Department of Pesticide Regulations, it was decided that the highest priority compounds to study for assessing ozone impacts of pesticides are MITC, the 1,3-dichloropropenes, kerosene, EPTC and carbon disulfide. The results for EPTC may also be useful as a basis for estimating ozone impacts of the other thiocarbamates listed in Table1 . The results of experiments, mechanism development, and model analyses of ozone impacts of these materials are discussed in this report.... In PAGE 36: ... These include representative compounds methyl isothiocyanate (MITC), carbon disulfide, S-ethyl N,N-di-n-propyl thiocarbamate (EPTC), and the 1,3- dichloropropenes that were studied in the chamber experiments for this project, and the additional representative pesticide compounds whose atmospheric reactivities were also calculated for this project. The compounds listed include those that were studied in the chamber experiments for this project, and volatile pesticide compounds listed in Table1 whose atmospheric ozone impacts were assessed for this project. Most of the individual compounds used to represent the constituents of kerosene are already included in the SAPRC-99 mechanism as documented (Carter, 2000a), but some compounds may have been added subsequently so a complete listing of their reactions is given in Appendix B to this report.... In PAGE 49: ... As shown on Table 3 and Table 4 mechanisms for the other thiocarbamate pesticides pebulate, molinate, and thiobencarb are also derived as part of this project. (The structures of these compounds are shown on Table1 .) Based on the data of Kwok et al (1992) for other thiocarbamates we assume that reaction with OH and NO3 radicals are the only atmospherically important loss processes.... In PAGE 59: ... Note that since the representation is on a mole-for-mole basis, the molecular weight of the actual carbon number is used when determining the number of moles of C16 compound to use when representing a given weight fraction of C17+ compound. Table 12 shows the number of moles of each type of alkane category derived from the weight fraction data in Table1 1, and the specific chemical compounds whose mechanisms are used to represent their atmospheric reactions. The mechanisms of these compounds are in Appendix B to this report.... In PAGE 62: ... Based on analyses of various petroleum distillate samples, primarily by Censullo et al (2002), Carter and Malkina (2005) derived distributions of various types of C8-C11 aromatics for the purpose of deriving atmospheric reactivities. These are summarized on Table1 3, which also shows the distributions of aromatic carbon numbers for the kerosene sample studied in this project, and also the methods used to represent them in the model calculations. Because of limited compositional data for mixtures of C12+ aromatics, Carter and Malkina (2005) had no distribution assignments for carbon numbers greater than 12.... In PAGE 63: ... The mechanisms used in the atmospheric reactivity for the chlorine-containing test compounds (the dichloropropenes and chloropicrin) included the chlorine mechanism that is discussed in Appendix A. The reactivity of kerosene was calculated using the mixture of model species given in Table1 2, with the mechanisms for these model ... In PAGE 74: ... However, it is of interest to determine the consistency of the data obtained in our reactivity experiments with the rate constants used in the chemical mechanism used in this study. The dichloropropene and m-xylene data from the dichloropropene reactivity experiments that can be used to derive estimated OH rate constants are summarized in Table1 6, and plots of Equation (II), assuming no unimolecular loss processes, are shown on Figure 11 for the two isomers. The figure also shows the lines where the data are predicted to fall using the OH rate constants of Tuazon et al (1988), which are the values used in the mechanism for these compounds.... In PAGE 90: ...81 Chloropicrin As indicated on Table1 chloropicrin is an important pesticide in California, so estimations of its ozone impact is of relevance to this project. It was not studied experimentally for this project because it was already studied by Carter et al (1997a,b), who also developed a mechanism for this compound that was reasonably consistent with the chamber data obtained.... In PAGE 96: ... Atmospheric Reactivity Calculations Calculated atmospheric ozone impacts of the selected pesticide-related compounds and mixtures in the MIR, MOIR, and EBIR incremental reactivity scales are shown in Table 20. This includes all the pesticide-related compounds listed in Table1 whose mechanisms have already been developed and are already on existing reactivity tabulations (Carter, 2000a, 2003a), and the pesticide-related compounds or mixtures whose mechanisms were developed and evaluated or estimated for this project. The mechanistic uncertainty classifications for the mechanisms used to calculate the reactivities, using the approach adopted previously (Carter, 2000a, 2003a) are also shown.... In PAGE 101: ... However, use of detailed compositional data is the preferred method to derive MIRs if such data are available. Other than these complex mixtures, the only compounds on the California pesticide profile list on Table1 that do not have reactivity estimates all have estimated vapor pressures of less than ~30 ppb at 25oC. Compounds with such low vapor pressures may not have sufficient volatility to participate in gas- phase reactions.... In PAGE 137: ... 581 5/17/06 MIR Surrogate + EPTC Standard MIR surrogate - NOx experiment with ~80 ppb EPTC added to Side A. Results on Table1 7, Figure 17, Figure 18, and Table 15. 582 5/18/06 Pure Air Irradiation Determination of background effects and contamination by EPTC.... In PAGE 137: ... Not all the intended EPTC was injected, making the amount present somewhat uncertain. Results on Table1 7, Figure 17, and Figure 18 584 5/22/06 MOIR/2 Surrogate + EPTC Standard MOIR/2 surrogate - NOx experiment with 120 ppb EPTC added to Side B. Results on Table 17, Figure 17, Figure 18, and Table 15.... In PAGE 137: ... Results on Table 17, Figure 17, and Figure 18 584 5/22/06 MOIR/2 Surrogate + EPTC Standard MOIR/2 surrogate - NOx experiment with 120 ppb EPTC added to Side B. Results on Table1 7, Figure 17, Figure 18, and Table 15. 585 5/23/06 CO-NOx Determination of chamber radical source.... In PAGE 138: ...Table C-1 (continued) 129 Run [a] Date Type [b] Purpose and Applicable Conditions Results 586 5/24/06 MIR Surrogate + EPTC Standard MIR surrogate - NOx experiment with 160 ppb EPTC added to Side A. Results on Table1 7, Figure 17, Figure 18, and Table 15. 587 5/26/06 MIR Surrogate + MITC Standard MIR surrogate - NOx experiment with 170 ppb MITC added to Side A.... In PAGE 138: ... 587 5/26/06 MIR Surrogate + MITC Standard MIR surrogate - NOx experiment with 170 ppb MITC added to Side A. Results on Table1 7, Figure 12, Figure 14, and Table 14. 588 5/31/06 MIR Surrogate + MITC Standard MIR surrogate - NOx experiment with 770 ppb MITC added to Side B.... In PAGE 138: ... 588 5/31/06 MIR Surrogate + MITC Standard MIR surrogate - NOx experiment with 770 ppb MITC added to Side B. Results on Table1 7, Figure 12, Figure 13, Figure 14, and Table 14. 589 6/1/06 MOIR/2 Surrogate + MITC Standard MOIR/2 surrogate - NOx experiment with 1.... In PAGE 138: ...05 ppm MITC added to Side B. Results on Table1 7, Figure 12, Figure 13, Figure 14, and Table 14. 590 6/5/06 MOIR/2 Surrogate + EPTC Standard MOIR/2 surrogate - NOx experiment with 245 ppb EPTC added to Side B.... In PAGE 138: ... 590 6/5/06 MOIR/2 Surrogate + EPTC Standard MOIR/2 surrogate - NOx experiment with 245 ppb EPTC added to Side B. Results on Table1 7, Figure 17, Figure 18, and Table 15. 591 6/6/06 MIR Surrogate + CS2 Standard MIR surrogate - NOx experiment with ~550 ppb CS2 added to Side A.... In PAGE 138: ... Formaldehyde data available for this run to determine if it is formed from MITC. Results on Table1 7, Figure 12, Figure 13, Figure 14, and Table 14. 600 6/20/06 MIR Surrogate + Kerosene Standard MIR surrogate - NOx experiment with ~ 1 ppmC kerosene added to Side B.... ..."

"... In PAGE 13: ...00 266.00 1 44 * Number of database records used for the flux calculations ** Number of methane flux measurements taken into account for the flux calculations Table3 shows that among the non-permafrost SUs, the histosols and fluvisols have the highest methane-generating ability with methane fluxes of about 30 mg CH4/m2 and day. Non-permafrost gleysols are characterized by average fluxes with more than 20 mg CH4/m2 and day.... ..."

"... In PAGE 17: ... The gradient portion becomes less steep as the alluvial fan merges with the Columbia River flood plan. Contaminant Characterization Primary Contaminant Group: Table1 contains a list of the established contaminants of concern and action (cleanup) levels used for the WTFREC Test Plot remediation. The primary contaminant groups include organochlorine pesticides, organophosphorus pesticides, carbamate pesticides, and paraquat.... In PAGE 17: ... The primary contaminant groups include organochlorine pesticides, organophosphorus pesticides, carbamate pesticides, and paraquat. The action levels in Table1 were based on the specifications of the Washington State Model Toxics Control Act (MTCA) and range over five orders of magnitude. See the quot;Site Characterization and Remediation Process quot; section for more information on establishing cleanup levels during this study.... In PAGE 17: ... On-site analyses for DDT and cyclodienes were used to guide the decisions of the dynamic work plan. Fixed laboratory analyses for the primary contaminant group in Table1 were used to establish a closure... In PAGE 20: ...MEDIA AND CONTAMINANTS continued 9 August 2000 Segregation of Excavated Materials for Disposal: With over 45 tons of material excavated from the focuses removal activities, the potential costs to dispose of those materials were significant. Of the contaminants of concern shown in Table1 , endrin and lindane were significant disposal concerns because of their presence on the list of constituents for the RCRA hazardous waste toxicity characteristic. All wastes generated during the remediation activities were to be recycled, salvaged, incinerated, or disposed of in a RCRA Subtitle C permitted landfill.... In PAGE 24: ...e., to remove or not remove the soil), the necessary inputs included, at a minimum, a list of contaminants of concern and action (cleanup) levels (see Table1 ), the units of measure (e.g.... In PAGE 25: ...ompounds (e.g., endrin ketone and endrin aldehyde had the action level of endrin and endosulfan sulfate had the action level of endosulfan I). Table1 contains the list of the contaminants of concern and the MTCA Method B cleanup levels established for this project. The quantitation limits for the field and fixed laboratory analyses were established as described in Step 7.... ..."

"... In PAGE 21: ..., 1996) and to quantify decomposition rates of the different soil organic matter fractions (Hassink, 1995). Fluxes Carbon fluxes at the micro-scale can be measured using static chambers installed in a field or using pot experiments ( Table6 ). Within these closed chambers, CO2 is accumulating during a preset time and the concentration is measured using a CO2 analyzer.... In PAGE 21: ... Provided that much information on the effects of the selected management measures on C sequestration to feed existing or future models is missing, measurements have to be made to collect these data. The methods men- tioned in Table6 can be used to measure C stocks in soils that result from both natural variation, indirect or direct effects. ... ..."

"... In PAGE 3: ... In addition, daily maximum and minimum air temperature were collected, while daily values for daily global radiation, average wind speed and air humidity were derived from nearby meteorological stations. The land use and management is summarised in Table1 . Soil samples were collected on eight different occasion and were analysed for ... In PAGE 7: ... The model was then used to predict the fate of bentazone applied to the site. The characteristics of the bentazone used during the simulation are given in Table1 . The concentration of bentazone in the drainage water is shown in Figure 2.... ..."