Multiscalar processors use a new, aggressive implementation paradigm for extracting large quantities of instruction level parallelism from ordinary high level language programs. A single program is divided into a collection of tasks by a combination of software and hardware. The tasks

life. Dynamic Voltage Scaling (DVS) has been a key technique in exploiting the hardware characteristics of processors to reduce energy dissipation by lowering the supply voltage and operating frequency. The DVS algorithms are shown to be able to make dramatic energy savings while providing

The performance tradeoff between hardware complexity and clock speed is studied. First, a generic superscalar pipeline is de-fined. Then the specific areas of register renaming, instruction win-dow wakeup and selection logic, and operand bypassing are ana-lyzed. Each is modeled and Spice simulated for feature sizes of 0:8m, 0:35m, and 0:18m. Performance results and trends are expressed in terms of issue width and window size. Our analysis in-dicates that window wakeup and selection logic as well as operand bypass logic are likely to be the most critical in the future. A microarchitecture that simplifies wakeup and selection logic is proposed and discussed. This implementation puts chains of de-pendent instructions into queues, and issues instructions from mul-tiple queues in parallel. Simulation shows little slowdown as com-pared with a completely flexible issue window when performance is measured in clock cycles. Furthermore, because only instructions at queue heads need to be awakened and selected, issue logic is simpli-fied and the clock cycle is faster – consequently overall performance is improved. By grouping dependent instructions together, the pro-posed microarchitecture will help minimize performance degrada-tion due to slow bypasses in future wide-issue machines. 1

This paper describes an approach for the automatic generation and optimization of numerical software for processors with deep memory hierarchies and pipelined functional units. The production of such software for machines ranging from desktop workstations to embedded processors can be a tedious

to accommodate a wide range of protocols, yet efficient enough to perform competitively with less structured operating systems. 1 Introduction Network software is at the heart of any distributed system. It manages the communication hardware that connects the processors in the system and it defines

The problems of designing large software systems were studied through interviewing personnel from 17 large projects. A layered behavioral model is used to analyze how three lgf these problems-the thin spread of application domain knowledge, fluctuating and conflicting requirements

Software architectures shift the focus of developers from lines-of-code to coarser-grained architectural elements and their overall interconnection structure. Architecture description languages (ADLs) have been proposed as modeling notations to support architecture-based development. There is

Software vulnerabilities have had a devastating effect on the Internet. Worms such as CodeRed and Slammer can compromise hundreds of thousands of hosts within hours or even minutes, and cause millions of dollars of damage [32, 51]. To successfully combat these fast automatic Internet attacks, we

the latest research in mapping general-purpose computation to graphics hardware. We begin with the technical motivations that underlie general-purpose computation on graphics processors (GPGPU) and describe the hardware and software developments that have led to the recent interest in this field. We then aim

Embedded computer systems are characterized by the presence ofadedicated processor and the software that runs on it. Power constraints are increasingly becoming the critical component of the design speci cation of these systems. At present, however, power analysis tools can only be applied