A mechanical polishing planarization (MPP) process is developed with an endpoint detection method. MPP makes it possible to form self-aligned contacts on small junctions and to decrease parasitic inductance. It can also control the thickness of the insulation layers precisely. MPP was used to fabricate a 22 m mm mm x 22 m mm mm vortex transitional memory cell and the cell operated correctly. The reliability of interlayer insulation was increased for 64-Kbit memory cell arrays fabricated using MPP. It is concluded that MPP is an effective technology for fabricating high-density Josephson circuits. I. INTRODUCTION Planarization is a key technology in fabricating highdensity superconducting circuits. A planarized structure is required in order to achieve reliable insulation for vertical integration. It also makes it possible to form electrical contacts on small junctions in a self-aligned fashion by exposing junction electrode surfaces. We previously developed and reported the planariza...

We report on the first complete system-level demonstration of a superconducting digital communication system. In today's digital computer and communication systems, managing data flow is a major challenge as the systems have to deal with a huge amount of information. A superconductor device may solve this problem. There have been several attempts to make superconducting switching core circuits, but there have been no complete system-level demonstrations. We have built such a system to demonstrate the efficiency of superconducting devices used in a communication system. Our system is focused on parallel processor communication, and consists of three-node PCs as processor elements, three interface boxes, and a superconductive chip immersed in a 4.2-K cryostat. The interconnection chip operation is essentially packet switching that was designed with a pipeline ring architecture. The interface box consists of parallel-serial converters, serial-parallel converters, a FIFO output buffer, and...

A Josephson 256-word x 16-bit RAM that includes a power circuit has been developed to enable high-frequency clock operation. This RAM consists of a 4 x 4 matrix array of 256RAM blocks, impedance matching lines, and signal amplifiers. A power-supply circuit, composed of a transformer and a Josephson regulator, is included in each 256RAM block. Fail bit maps for the 256RAM block were measured, and perfect operation with a 100% bit yield was obtained. The 256RAM block functioned up to a clock frequency of 1.07 GHz. We succeeded in feeding a large high-frequency current of more than 2 A into the entire 256-word x 16-bit RAM. The 256-word x 16-bit RAM therefore functioned up to a clock frequency of 620 MHz. I. INTRODUCTION Many Josephson RAMs have been developed [1]-[6]. However, RAM operation at a clock frequency of about 1 GHz has not been actually realized, because high-frequency powering for large currents reaching several amperes is very difficult. Therefore, a powering circuit suppl...

This case report describes an enchondroma of the distal phalanx of the right little finger in a 37-year-old woman with Camurati-Engelmann disease. Curettage of the tumor and artificial bone grafting were performed in May 2004. Surgical treatment resulted in a good clinical outcome with no evidence of recurrence at 5-year follow-up. The genetic relationships between Camurati-Engelmann disease and benign chondroid tumors are discussed.

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In this report, we present a 68-year-old man with rice body formation in the flexor tendon sheath of the fingers without any inflammatory diseases such as tuberculosis or rheumatoid arthritis. The patient visited our institute in March 2004 with a one-month history of swelling and pain of the right distal forearm. Laboratory data were within normal limits, and the rheumatoid factor was negative. He had no history of tuberculosis, and the tuberculin reaction was weakly positive. Magnetic resonance (MR) images showed a mass measuring 6 cm 4 cm around the flexor tendons of the forearm. Many rice bodies had been erupted from a small hole of the fibrous wall of the mass at the time of incisional biopsy performed in June 2004. Histological diagnosis was synovitis with fibrous loose bodies. In July 2004, spontaneous ruptures of the right fourth and fifth flexor tendons occurred. Open repair was performed in August 2004. The patient regained good function of the operated fingers with no evidence of recurrence at the latest follow-up in March 2009.

We present a rare case of osteosarcoma involving the patella. A 30-year-old Japanese woman first consulted our out-patient clinic with a 2-year history of knee pain. Radiographs showed an enlargement of the patella with irregular distribution of both osteolytic and sclerotic lesions. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated soft tissue extension at the anterior part of the patella. Incisional biopsy showed abundant osteoid formation by spindle-shaped malignant cells, and the histological diagnosis was conventional osteosarcoma. The patient underwent preoperative chemotherapy, but there was no response. Furthermore, she developed a pathological fracture during chemotherapy. She underwent above-the-knee amputation with postoperative chemotherapy. She developed multiple metastases in the thoracic vertebrae 20 months after the surgery. At the most recent examination, she remains alive with multiple spinal metastases without paralysis 4 years after the surgery. Key words: Osteosarcoma, patella, treatment

depressive symptoms in patients with scleroderma. Frequency and analysis of factors closely associated with the development of

We report on full circuit operation of a switching core chip for a superconducting network system.

Prediction of motor outcomes and activities of daily living function using diffusion tensor tractography in acute hemiparetic stroke patients