the necessary peak computation power in general-purpose systems. However, for a large class of applications in embedded real-time systems like cellular phones and camcorders, the variable operating frequency interferes with their deadline guarantee mechanisms, and DVS in this context, despite its growing

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We describe Bro, a stand-alone system for detecting network intruders in real-time by passively monitoring a network link over which the intruder's traffic transits. We give an overview of the system's design, which emphasizes highspeed (FDDI-rate) monitoring, real-time notification

Pfinder is a real-time system for tracking people and interpreting their behavior. It runs at 10Hz on a standard SGI Indy computer, and has performed reliably on thousands of people in many different physical locations. The system uses a multiclass statistical model of color and shape to obtain a 2

Twitter, a popular microblogging service, has received much attention recently. An important characteristic of Twitter is its real-time nature. For example, when an earthquake occurs, people make many Twitter posts (tweets) related to the earthquake, which enables detection of earthquake occurrence

Disconnected operation is a mode of operation that enables a client to continue accessing critical data during temporary failures of a shared data repository. An important, though not exclusive, application of disconnected operation is in supporting portable computers. In this paper, we show

Multimedia communication involving digital audio and/or digital video has rather strict delay requirements. A real-time channel is defined in this paper as a simplex connection between a source and a destination characterized by parameters representing the performance requirements of the client. A

local modes. The system runs at 200 frames per second on consumer hardware. Our evaluation shows high accuracy on both synthetic and real test sets, and investigates the effect of several training parameters. We achieve state of the art accuracy in our comparison with related work and demonstrate

Syntax of a very simple programming language called L. What is abstract about it will be discussed a little here and later at greater length. For us syntax is a collection of syntactic sets of phrases; each set corresponds to a different type of phrase. Some of these sets are very simple and can be taken as given: Truthvalues This is the set T = ftt; ffg and is ranged over by (the metavariable) t (and we also happily employ for this (and any other) metavariable sub- and super-scripts to generate other metavariables: t ; t 0 ; t 1k ).

INTRODUCTION Roughly speaking, we can divide the history of modern computing into the following eras: d 1970s: Timesharing (1 computer with many users) d 1980s: Personal computing (1 computer per user) d 1990s: Parallel computing (many computers per user) Until about 1980, computers were huge, expensive, and located in computer centers. Most organizations had a single large machine. In the 1980s, prices came down to the point where each user could have his or her own personal computer or workstation. These machines were often networked together, so that users could do remote logins on other people's computers or share files in various (often ad hoc) ways. Nowadays some systems have many processors per user, either in the form of a parallel computer or a large collection of CPUs shared by a small user community. Such systems are usually called parallel or distributed computer systems. This devel