"... In PAGE 4: .... 27 Table7 . Energy Efficiency and Carbon Emissions for Motor Fuels, 2015 .... ..."

"... In PAGE 7: ...Table2 . Summary of Proposed Energy-Efficiency Measures ( Avdeevka Coke-Chemical Plant) Measure Cost (US $) Annual Savings (US $) Simple Payback (years) Internal Rate of Return (IRR) (%/yr.... ..."

"... In PAGE 7: ...1.1 Results The JouleSort results for our unbalanced systems are shown in Table3 . Since disk space on these systems was limited, we chose to run the benchmark at 10GB and a smaller 5GB dataset to allow fair comparison.... ..."

"... In PAGE 4: .... Nonetheless, the total benefits of the new furnace will likely make it a very appealing investment. In addition to the new furnace, the energy audit report recommended the following measures: C installing a high-efficiency compressed air system, including several new compressors, an automatic control system, and a refrigerated air dryer system; C installing heat recovery hot water boilers in the glass furnace exhaust systems and a new hot water boiler; C upgrading heat insulation on the hot water distribution system; C relocating the air intake for screw-type air compressors to outside the compressor building. Table1 summarises the results of the energy audit and the economic analyses of the recommended energy- efficiency measures for Gostomel. Table 1.... ..."

"... In PAGE 29: ... Whether energy efficiency helps the enterprise reduces its cost of operating these buildings or eliminates the cost entirely by facilitating divestiture of these buildings, the enterprise benefits. Table4 outlines heat saving measures that are typically cost-effective in Ukrainian buildings. Each measure 13 listed was calculated to have an internal rate of return of at least 15%, and to pay for itself in under five years when full costs and savings are tabulated.... ..."

"... In PAGE 34: ... Carbon and sulfur emissions would be reduced by 21 and 25 percent, re s p e c t i v e l y. (See Table14 .) Perhaps most i m p o rt a n t l y, Korea would significantly reduce its energy imports, thereby improving its energy security.... In PAGE 36: ... Results indicate that expanded use of nuclear power can dramatically improve air quality, but power costs are about 4 percent higher. (See Table14 .) Sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, and carbon diox- ide emissions decline by 40 to 60 percent.... In PAGE 38: ... The cap is less costly since no external tax is applied, but results in less mitigation of carbon and sulfur dioxide emissions. (See Table14 .) Neither case assumes that Korea will use carbon trading to lower emissions.... ..."

"... In PAGE 8: ... Both techniques attempt to reduce the fre- quency of transitions into and out of low power mode, so we conclude that neither approach subsumes the other. Table2 summarizes the results, and also shows the per- formance and energy efficiency effects of our techniques. Not shown in this table is the benefit of the Power-Aware scheduler with the greedy power-down mechanism, which yields energy efficiency improvements over the baseline of 13.... ..."

"... In PAGE 50: ... An objective value may be the same 37 as the threshold when an operationally significant increment above the threshold is not significant 38 or useful. 39 40 The most stringent threshold values of the requirements for the subsurface, surface, air, and space 41 mediums are in Table4 -1. Military requirements are shown in bold.... In PAGE 51: ... The 1 source references are listed in Appendix D. 2 3 Table4 -1. Threshold Requirements for Position Accuracy 4 Source Subsurface 0.... In PAGE 51: ...1 deg SATOPS ADT Space (PP) LEO GEO 1cm/0.001 deg within 72 hrs TBD SATOPS ADT 5 Table4 -2 provides the most stringent objective values for the requirements of each of the different 6 mediums. 7 8 Table 4-2.... In PAGE 51: ...001 deg within 72 hrs TBD SATOPS ADT 5 Table 4-2 provides the most stringent objective values for the requirements of each of the different 6 mediums. 7 8 Table4 -2. Objective Requirements for Position Accuracy 9 Source Subsurface 1 cm Ref 44 Surface 0.... In PAGE 61: ...3.2 Requirements 1 2 The most stringent threshold values for velocity accuracy requirements are in Table4 -3. A 3 complete listing of the requirements, both military and civil, for velocity accuracy are in Appendix 4 A.... In PAGE 61: ... Where specified, direction accuracy is provided in parentheses. 5 6 Table4 -3. Threshold Requirements for Velocity Accuracy 7 Source Subsurface Surface 0.... In PAGE 61: ...001 m/sec 0.0001 m/sec SATOPS ADT NASA JPL 8 Table4 -4 provides the most stringent objective values for the requirements of each of the different 9 mediums. 10 11 Table 4-4.... In PAGE 61: ...0001 m/sec SATOPS ADT NASA JPL 8 Table 4-4 provides the most stringent objective values for the requirements of each of the different 9 mediums. 10 11 Table4 -4. Objective Requirements for Velocity Accuracy 12 Source Subsurface Surface 0.... In PAGE 62: ...Table4... In PAGE 62: ... Threshold Requirements for Timing Accuracy 21 Source Subsurface Surface lt;10 nsec (1 sigma) 10 nsec Ref 4 Ref 44 Air lt;10 nsec (1 sigma) 5 msec Ref 4 FAA Space 20 nsec 0.1 nsec (1 sigma) Ref 12 NASA JPL 22 Table4 -6 provides the most stringent objective values for the requirements of each of the different 23 mediums. 24 25 Table 4-6.... In PAGE 62: ...1 nsec (1 sigma) Ref 12 NASA JPL 22 Table 4-6 provides the most stringent objective values for the requirements of each of the different 23 mediums. 24 25 Table4 -6. Objective Requirements for Timing Accuracy 26 Source Subsurface Surface lt;10 nsec (1 sigma) 1 nsec Ref 4 Ref 44 Air lt; 10 nsec (1 sigma) 5 msec Ref 4 FAA Space 0.... In PAGE 65: ...59 Table4 -7. Threshold Requirements for Integrity 1 Source Subsurface Surface Time to alarm: 10 sec Ref 44 Air HMI: 4x10-8 per approach Alarm Limit: 1.... In PAGE 65: ... Threshold Requirements for Integrity 1 Source Subsurface Surface Time to alarm: 10 sec Ref 44 Air HMI: 4x10-8 per approach Alarm Limit: 1.1m Time to Alarm: 1 sec 1-2x10-9 per approach Time to alarm: 1 sec Ref 4 FAA Space Monitor 24 hr/day, 100 % monitoring below 10,000km Time to Alarm: 6 sec Monitor 24 hr/day Time to alarm: 6 sec SATOPS ADT/SWC SATOPS ADT 2 The most stringent objective requirements for determination of malfunctioning PVT system 3 components are given in Table4 -8, and represent the time between component malfunction as a 4 PVT information source and determination of the malfunction in the user equipment (user 5 notification as required by application. 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17... In PAGE 66: ...60 Table4 -8. Objective Requirements for Integrity 1 Source Subsurface Surface Time to Alarm: 5 sec Ref 44 Air HMI: 4x10-8 per approach Alarm Limit: 1.... In PAGE 69: ... System availability should be specified in appropriate system requirements and 35 specifications documents. 36 37 The most stringent threshold values for availability requirements are in Table4 -9. A complete 38 listing of the requirements, both military and civil, for availability are in Appendix A.... In PAGE 70: ...64 Table4 -9. Threshold Requirements for Availability 1 Source Subsurface Surface 100 % (of 24 hours) Ref 44 Air 99.... In PAGE 70: ...999% (of 24 hours) 99.999% of 24 hours Ref 4 FAA Space 100% over 24 hours 100% over 24 hours SATOPS ADT SATOPS ADT 2 Table4 -10 provides the most stringent objective values for the requirements of each of the 3 different mediums. 4 5 Table 4-10.... In PAGE 70: ...999% of 24 hours Ref 4 FAA Space 100% over 24 hours 100% over 24 hours SATOPS ADT SATOPS ADT 2 Table 4-10 provides the most stringent objective values for the requirements of each of the 3 different mediums. 4 5 Table4 -10. Objective Requirements for Availability 6 Source Subsurface Surface 100% of 24 hours Ref 44 Air 99.... In PAGE 74: ...8.2 Requirements 31 32 The most stringent threshold values for continuity of service requirements are in Table4 -11. 33 Table 4-11.... In PAGE 74: ....8.2 Requirements 31 32 The most stringent threshold values for continuity of service requirements are in Table 4-11. 33 Table4 -11. Threshold Requirements for Continuity of Service 34 Source Subsurface Surface Air 10-8 per hour 1-6x10-6 (any 15 sec priod) Ref 4 FAA Space... In PAGE 75: ...69 Table4 -12 provides the most stringent objective values for the requirements of each of the 1 different mediums. 2 3 4 Table 4-12.... In PAGE 75: ...69 Table 4-12 provides the most stringent objective values for the requirements of each of the 1 different mediums. 2 3 4 Table4 -12. Objective Requirements for Continuity of Service 5 Source Subsurface Surface Air 10-8 per hour 1-6x10-6 (any 15 sec priod) Ref 4 FAA Space 6 The discussions that follow provide the basis for designating the most stringent values in the 7 previous tables.... In PAGE 77: ...10.2 Requirements 14 15 The most stringent threshold values for coverage requirements are in Table4 -13. A complete 16 listing of the requirements, both military and civil, for coverage are in Appendix A.... In PAGE 77: ... A complete 16 listing of the requirements, both military and civil, for coverage are in Appendix A. 17 18 Table4 -13. Threshold Requirements for Coverage 19 Source Subsurface TBD Worldwide through all operating environments Ref 44 Surface Worldwide through all operating environments Worldwide through all operating environments Ref 12 Ref 44 Air Worldwide through all operating environments Global (per availability amp; COS requirements) Ref 12 FAA Space Global to geostationary altitude Global to geostationary altitude SATOPS ADT SATOPS ADT * Worldwide includes 90 degrees south to 90 degrees north latitude and 0 degrees to 359 degrees 20 longitude.... In PAGE 78: ...72 1 2 3 Table4 -14. Objective Requirements for Coverage 4 5 Source Subsurface Worldwide* through all operating environments Worldwide through all operating environments Ref 12 Ref 44 Surface Worldwide through all operating environments Worldwide through all operating environments Ref 12 Ref 44 Air Worldwide through all operating environments Global (per availability amp; COS requirements) Ref 12 FAA Space Global to twice geostationary altitude Global to twice geostationary altitude SATOPS ADT SATOPS ADT * Worldwide includes 90 degrees south to 90 degrees north latitude and 0 degrees to 359 degrees 6 longitude.... ..."

"... In PAGE 8: ...able 3-5: Summary of data for 2nd iteration.................................................................... 35 Table4 -1: Usability problems for reliability study.... In PAGE 8: ...able 4-1: Usability problems for reliability study........................................................... 43 Table4 -2: Example classification of Scenario#8 .... In PAGE 8: ...able 4-2: Example classification of Scenario#8 ............................................................. 49 Table4 -3: Results of user agreement at each level in the UAF.... In PAGE 8: ...able 4-3: Results of user agreement at each level in the UAF........................................ 50 Table4 -4: Results of overall user agreement .... In PAGE 8: ...able 4-4: Results of overall user agreement ................................................................... 51 Table4 -5: Strength of Agreement for various kappa values .... In PAGE 49: ..., 1999). Scenarios have been developed based on these usability problems and the participants were provided with the scenarios and instructions to classify (Appendix G) rather than a simple statement of a particular usability problem, as given in the Table4 -1. ... In PAGE 51: ...43 Table4 -1: Usability problems for reliability study Problem no. Type of usability problem Relevant area in User Action Framework 1 Unreadable error message Assessment 2 User does not understand master document feature Planning 3 User cannot find a feature to support re-using document numbers in a document retrieval system Translation 4 User clicks on wrong button Physical Action 5 User cannot directly change a file name in an FTP program Translation 6 User cannot tell if system is performing requested operation Assessment 7 User wants to fix database error but is confusing by button labels for appropriate action Translation 8 Program does not provide a Ctrl-P shortcut for printing Translation 9 User cannot understand the error message provided by system Assessment 10 Unnecessarily long error message Assessment 11 User cannot distinguish a button because of background Physical action 12 Data does not see way to select odd font size Translation 13 Data entry format not provided Translation 14 Uncontrollable scrolling Physical action 15 Vision impaired user needs preference options for setting larger font size Translation Procedure The reliability study was conducted at the Assessment and Cognitive Ergonomics Laboratory at Industrial and Systems Engineering department in Virginia Tech.... In PAGE 56: ... Reliability at each level within the hierarchical structure 2. Overall reliability for the terminal node Agreement at Different Levels in the UAF Table4 -2 shows an example of the data from one usability case description. Scenario 8 was about the lack of a specific short cut for a particular task.... In PAGE 56: ... Three participants (#2, #3 and #5) thought the scenario involved Existence. In order to continue measuring agreement accurately, the data from participants #2, #3 and #5 were eliminated (indicated by strikethrough effect in Table4 -2) from further reliability measures since these participants were now taking a different path than the remaining seven. At Level 3, all 7 of the remaining 7 participants agreed that the issue was about Preferences and Efficiency.... In PAGE 56: ... There were no more dis-agreements at other levels and all the remaining 7 participants agreed that the terminal node is about a specific short cut needed by the user. The example illustrated in Table4 -2 shows the approach for calculating reliability at different levels by eliminating participants that proceeded down a different path from the majority. This approach made sure that there were no continuous penalties for disagreement at lower levels when a participant was on a different path and had no opportunity to see the same choices as the other participants.... In PAGE 57: ...49 Table4 -2: Example classification of Scenario#8 Participant Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 1 Translation Task structure and interaction control Preferences amp; Efficiency Alternative ways to do tasks Specific short cut wanted 2 Existence Preferences amp; Efficiency 3 Existence Existence of a way Existence of a feature 4 Translation Task structure and interaction control Preferences amp; Efficiency Alternative ways to do tasks Specific short cut wanted 5 Existence Preferences amp; Efficiency 6 Translation Task structure and interaction control Preferences amp; Efficiency Alternative ways to do tasks Specific short cut wanted 7 Translation Task structure and interaction control Preferences amp; Efficiency Alternative ways to do tasks Specific short cut wanted 8 Translation Task structure and interaction control Preferences amp; Efficiency Alternative ways to do tasks Specific short cut wanted 9 Translation Task structure and interaction control Preferences amp; Efficiency Alternative ways to do tasks Specific short cut wanted 10 Translation Task structure and interaction control Preferences amp; Efficiency Alternative ways to do tasks Specific short cut wanted Results of reliability calculations across all scenarios for various levels are given in Table 4-3. Column 2 indicates the number of cases analyzed for each level within the UAF.... In PAGE 57: ...49 Table 4-2: Example classification of Scenario#8 Participant Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 1 Translation Task structure and interaction control Preferences amp; Efficiency Alternative ways to do tasks Specific short cut wanted 2 Existence Preferences amp; Efficiency 3 Existence Existence of a way Existence of a feature 4 Translation Task structure and interaction control Preferences amp; Efficiency Alternative ways to do tasks Specific short cut wanted 5 Existence Preferences amp; Efficiency 6 Translation Task structure and interaction control Preferences amp; Efficiency Alternative ways to do tasks Specific short cut wanted 7 Translation Task structure and interaction control Preferences amp; Efficiency Alternative ways to do tasks Specific short cut wanted 8 Translation Task structure and interaction control Preferences amp; Efficiency Alternative ways to do tasks Specific short cut wanted 9 Translation Task structure and interaction control Preferences amp; Efficiency Alternative ways to do tasks Specific short cut wanted 10 Translation Task structure and interaction control Preferences amp; Efficiency Alternative ways to do tasks Specific short cut wanted Results of reliability calculations across all scenarios for various levels are given in Table4 -3. Column 2 indicates the number of cases analyzed for each level within the UAF.... In PAGE 57: ... For example, some scenarios required navigation down to only the third level in the UAF before terminal nodes were presented. As shown in Table4 -3, 6 cases required Level 5 classification while only 1 case required classification at 6th and 7th level. Values in the Po column indicate the proportion of observed agreement while values in the Pc column indicate the proportion of agreement ... In PAGE 58: ...50 decreases as the number of choices increase. As shown in Table4 -2, the proportion of chance agreement is higher at the top levels in the UAF than the lower levels because there are fewer choices at the top of the framework. Observed agreement requires substantially higher values to overcome chance agreement at the top levels of the UAF.... In PAGE 58: ... Observed agreement requires substantially higher values to overcome chance agreement at the top levels of the UAF. The kappa values shown in Table4 -3 (k column) indicated strong agreement at all levels within the UAF, especially at the top levels of the framework. The Z column contains the observed values for the standard normal variate obtained by dividing kappa by its standard error.... In PAGE 58: ... With such few cases, the agreement score would likely not be valid since the approximate normality assumption for kappa would be violated. Table4 -3: Results of user agreement at each level in the UAF Level Scenarios at this level Po Pc k Z*** 1 15 0.... In PAGE 58: ... The overall agreement provides reliability information for the various paths taken by each classifier. Kappa results for overall agreement ( Table4 -4) showed strong reliability (k = 0.610, p lt; .... In PAGE 59: ...051), considering the number of possible terminal nodes available to the users. Table4 -4: Results of overall user agreement Number of Scenarios Po Pc k Z*** 0.... In PAGE 60: ... The strength varies from Poor to Almost Perfect as kappa values vary from 0-1. Table4 -5 looks at various kappa values obtained in this study and categorizes them according to the scale provided by Landis and Koch (1977). These divisions provide some useful benchmarks to categorize kappa values, and interpret what it means in terms of users agreement.... ..."

"... In PAGE 6: ... The end-use energy efficiency measures are thus an integral part of the proposed strategy for improving the energy efficiency at the plant. Table2 lists the proposed energy-efficiency measures recommended for implementation at the Avdeevka coke-chemical plant. These measures are all cost-effective, with the... ..."