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Applications Of Circumscription To Formalizing Common Sense Knowledge

by John McCarthy - Artificial Intelligence , 1986
"... We present a new and more symmetric version of the circumscription method of nonmonotonic reasoning first described in (McCarthy 1980) and some applications to formalizing common sense knowledge. The applications in this paper are mostly based on minimizing the abnormality of different aspects o ..."
Abstract - Cited by 532 (12 self) - Add to MetaCart
We present a new and more symmetric version of the circumscription method of nonmonotonic reasoning first described in (McCarthy 1980) and some applications to formalizing common sense knowledge. The applications in this paper are mostly based on minimizing the abnormality of different aspects

Lexical-Functional Grammar: A Formal System for Grammatical Representation

by Ronald M. Kaplan, Joan Bresnan - IN: FORMAL ISSUES IN LEXICAL-FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR , 1995
"... In learning their native language, children develop a remarkable set of capabilities. They acquire knowledge and skills that enable them to produce and comprehend an indefinite number of novel utterances, and to make quite subtle judgments about certain of their properties. The major goal of psychol ..."
Abstract - Cited by 609 (23 self) - Add to MetaCart
's behavior. To a certain extent the various components that we postulate can be studied independently, guided where appropriate by the well-established methods and evaluation standards of linguistics, computer science, and experimental psychology. However, the requirement that the various components

Ontologies: Principles, methods and applications

by Mike Uschold, Michael Gruninger - KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING REVIEW , 1996
"... This paper is intended to serve as a comprehensive introduction to the emerging field concerned with the design and use of ontologies. We observe that disparate backgrounds, languages, tools, and techniques are a major barrier to effective communication among people, organisations, and/or software s ..."
Abstract - Cited by 582 (3 self) - Add to MetaCart
then consider the bene ts of and describe, a more formal approach. We re-visit the scoping phase, and discuss the role of formal languages and techniques in the specification, implementation and evaluation of ontologies. Finally, we review the state of the art and practice in this emerging field,

The information bottleneck method

by Naftali Tishby, Fernando C. Pereira, William Bialek , 1999
"... We define the relevant information in a signal x ∈ X as being the information that this signal provides about another signal y ∈ Y. Examples include the information that face images provide about the names of the people portrayed, or the information that speech sounds provide about the words spoken. ..."
Abstract - Cited by 540 (35 self) - Add to MetaCart
. Understanding the signal x requires more than just predicting y, it also requires specifying which features of X play a role in the prediction. We formalize this problem as that of finding a short code for X that preserves the maximum information about Y. That is, we squeeze the information that X provides

The Runge-Kutta discontinuous Galerkin method for conservation laws V: multidimensional systems

by Bernardo Cockburn , Chi-Wang Shu , 1997
"... This is the fifth paper in a series in which we construct and study the so-called Runge-Kutta Discontinuous Galerkin method for numerically solving hyperbolic conservation laws. In this paper, we extend the method to multidimensional nonlinear systems of conservation laws. The algorithms are describ ..."
Abstract - Cited by 508 (44 self) - Add to MetaCart
This is the fifth paper in a series in which we construct and study the so-called Runge-Kutta Discontinuous Galerkin method for numerically solving hyperbolic conservation laws. In this paper, we extend the method to multidimensional nonlinear systems of conservation laws. The algorithms

Modeling and simulation of genetic regulatory systems: A literature review

by Hidde De Jong - JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY , 2002
"... In order to understand the functioning of organisms on the molecular level, we need to know which genes are expressed, when and where in the organism, and to which extent. The regulation of gene expression is achieved through genetic regulatory systems structured by networks of interactions between ..."
Abstract - Cited by 738 (14 self) - Add to MetaCart
DNA, RNA, proteins, and small molecules. As most genetic regulatory networks of interest involve many components connected through interlocking positive and negative feedback loops, an intuitive understanding of their dynamics is hard to obtain. As a consequence, formal methods and computer tools

Evaluating the Accuracy of Sampling-Based Approaches to the Calculation of Posterior Moments

by John Geweke - IN BAYESIAN STATISTICS , 1992
"... Data augmentation and Gibbs sampling are two closely related, sampling-based approaches to the calculation of posterior moments. The fact that each produces a sample whose constituents are neither independent nor identically distributed complicates the assessment of convergence and numerical accurac ..."
Abstract - Cited by 604 (12 self) - Add to MetaCart
accuracy of the approximations to the expected value of functions of interest under the posterior. In this paper methods from spectral analysis are used to evaluate numerical accuracy formally and construct diagnostics for convergence. These methods are illustrated in the normal linear model

Model Checking Programs

by Willem Visser, Klaus Havelund, GUILLAUME BRAT, SEUNGJOON PARK, FLAVIO LERDA , 2003
"... The majority of work carried out in the formal methods community throughout the last three decades has (for good reasons) been devoted to special languages designed to make it easier to experiment with mechanized formal methods such as theorem provers, proof checkers and model checkers. In this pape ..."
Abstract - Cited by 592 (63 self) - Add to MetaCart
The majority of work carried out in the formal methods community throughout the last three decades has (for good reasons) been devoted to special languages designed to make it easier to experiment with mechanized formal methods such as theorem provers, proof checkers and model checkers

Formal Methods: State of the Art and Future Directions

by Edmund M. Clarke, Jeannette M. Wing - ACM Computing Surveys , 1996
"... ing with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers, to redistribute to lists, or to use any component of this work in other works, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Permissions may be requested from Publications Dept, ACM Inc., 1515 Broadway, New York, N ..."
Abstract - Cited by 425 (6 self) - Add to MetaCart
, formal methods, hardware verification Additional Key Words and Phrases: Software specification, model checking, theorem proving 1. INTRODUCTION Hardware and software systems will inevitably grow in scale and functionality. Because of this increase in complexity, the likelihood of subtle errors is much

Hierarchical phrase-based translation

by David Chiang - Computational Linguistics , 2007
"... We present a statistical machine translation model that uses hierarchical phrases—phrases that contain subphrases. The model is formally a synchronous context-free grammar but is learned from a parallel text without any syntactic annotations. Thus it can be seen as combining fundamental ideas from b ..."
Abstract - Cited by 597 (9 self) - Add to MetaCart
We present a statistical machine translation model that uses hierarchical phrases—phrases that contain subphrases. The model is formally a synchronous context-free grammar but is learned from a parallel text without any syntactic annotations. Thus it can be seen as combining fundamental ideas from
Results 1 - 10 of 26,993