Peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing accounts for an astonishing volume of current Internet tra#c. This paper probes deeply into modern P2P file sharing systems and the forces that drive them. By doing so, we seek to increase our understanding of P2P file sharing workloads and their implications

, as the proof has nothing to do with the Ricci flow, and (2) the claim about the lower bound for the volumes of the maximal horns and the smoothness of the solution from some time on, which turned out to be unjustified, and, on the other hand, irrelevant for the other conclusions. The Ricci flow with surgery

-quadratic regression σ(K) = a + bK + cK 2 , where K is the strike price. Our estimate of this slope, jump t , is defined via where F is the at-the money strike price, which equals the current futures price. We choose to look at the implied volatility at K = .9F because we do not want 6 to extrapolate the quadratic

). Among others, we show that Curv(M, d,m) ≥ K implies estimates for the volume growth of concentric balls. For Riemannian manifolds, Curv(M, d,m) ≥ K if and only if RicM (ξ, ξ) ≥ K · |ξ|2 for all ξ ∈ TM. The crucial point is that our lower curvature bounds are stable under an appropriate notion of D

Thermoacidophilic prokaryotes inhabiting acidic hot springs are represented by archaea and bacteria with either respiratory [1] or anaerobic fermentative [2, 5] metabolism. Thermoacidophilic microorganisms avail-able in laboratory cultures grow at temperatures rang-ing from 50 to 92°C and at pH 0

: B.4.2 [Hardware]: Input/Output and Data Communications---Input/Output DevicesImage display; C.3 [Com...

an imaging experiment using an array of n C receiver coils. Fourier encoding is described by a set of n K sampling positions in k-space. Let the whole object be within the volume of interest (VOI). Then a sample value m obtained from the ␥-th coil at the -th position in k-space is given by where r denotes 3D

and the NC-4-spheres S4 θ. We construct the noncommutative algebras A = C ∞ (S4 θ) of functions on NCspheres as solutions to the vanishing, chj(e) = 0,j < 2, of the Chern character in the cyclic homology of A of an idempotent e ∈ M4(A), e2 = e, e = e ∗. We describe the universal noncommutative space

This volume takes a broad view of information extraction as any method for ltering information from large volumes of text. This includes the retrieval of documents from collections and the tagging of particular terms in text. In this paper we shall use a narrower de nition: the identi cation

Cellular carbon and nitrogen content and cell volume of nutritionally and morphologically diverse dinoflagellate species were measured to determine carbon to volume (C: vol) and nitrogen to volume (N: vol) relationships. Cellular C and N content ranged from 48 to 3.0 3 104 pgC cell21 and 11 to 2