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"... Vestibular compensation for the static and dynam-ic disorders induced by unilateral labyrinthectomy is a good model of plasticity in the central nervous system. After the lesion, the static deficits generally disappear in a few days, whereas recuperation of the dynamic, vestibular-related synergies ..."
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is much slower and merely partial. The goal of this article is to reexamine some aspects of vestibular compen-sation in light of several recent findings. In the first part, we show that in vertebrates the organization of the neural networks underlying vestibular reflex-es is deeply linked

Double-ring network model of the head direction system. Phys. Rev. E, 66, 041902. Dynamic visual cues anchor head direction cells 535 ยช 2004 Federation of European Neuroscience Societies

by Xiaohui Xie , Richard H R Hahnloser , H Sebastian Seung - European Journal of Neuroscience , 2002
"... In the head-direction system, the orientation of an animal's head in space is encoded internally by persistent activities of a pool of cells whose firing rates are tuned to the animal's directional heading. To maintain an accurate representation of the heading information when the animal ..."
Abstract - Cited by 18 (0 self) - Add to MetaCart
moves, the system integrates horizontal angular head-velocity signals from the vestibular nuclei and updates the representation of directional heading. The integration is a difficult process, given that head velocities can vary over a large range and the neural system is highly nonlinear. Previous

Emergence of neural integration in the head-direction system by visual supervision

by R H R Hahnloser - Neuroscience , 2003
"... Abstract-Head-direction (HD) cells in subcortical areas of the mammalian brain are tuned to a particular head direction in space; a population of such neurons forms a neural compass that may be relevant for spatial navigation. The development of neural circuits constituting the head-direction syste ..."
Abstract - Cited by 8 (0 self) - Add to MetaCart
and vestibular (head-velocity) inputs. Remarkably, as recurrent connections learn to amplify exclusively the visual inputs, a neural network emerges that performs spatio-temporal integration. That is, during head movements in darkness, neurons resemble HD cells by maintaining a fixed tuning to head direction

Using Nonlinear Spiking Neuron Models by

by Ben Y. Reis, U A Mirganka Sur, Ben Y. Reis , 1996
"... The gaze holding integrator of the oculomotor system performs a temporal integration on the rate-encoded eye velocity signals fed to it from the visual and vestibular systems. During intervals between eye movements, the brain holds the eyes motionless using a memory of eye position that is believed ..."
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to be maintained by the gaze holding integrator of the oculomotor system. When the eyes are motionless, the dynamics of the integrator network can be described qualitatively in terms of a line attractor in its state space. In this study, we construct a neural network model with approximate line attractor dynamics

Using Strategic Movement to Calibrate a Neural Compass: A Spiking Network for Tracking Head Direction in Rats and Robots

by Peter Stratton, Michael Milford, Gordon Wyeth, Janet Wiles
"... The head direction (HD) system in mammals contains neurons that fire to represent the direction the animal is facing in its environment. The ability of these cells to reliably track head direction even after the removal of external sensory cues implies that the HD system is calibrated to function ef ..."
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that the system is robust to real-world phenomena, we implemented the synaptic mechanisms in a spiking neural network and tested it on a mobile robot platform. Results show that the combination of the synaptic learning mechanisms and warm-up movements are able to reliably calibrate the HD system so

Adaptive robotic control driven by a versatile spiking cerebellar network. PLoS One 9:e112265. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112265

by Alberto Antonietti, Jesus A. Garrido, Richard R. Carrillo, Niceto R. Luque, Eduardo Ros, Ra Pedrocchi , 2014
"... The cerebellum is involved in a large number of different neural processes, especially in associative learning and in fine motor control. To develop a comprehensive theory of sensorimotor learning and control, it is crucial to determine the neural basis of coding and plasticity embedded into the cer ..."
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of different nature, calling for complex timing and movement patterns. We have coupled a realistic cerebellar spiking neural network (SNN) with a real robot and challenged it in multiple diverse sensorimotor tasks. Encoding and decoding strategies based on neuronal firing rates were applied. Adaptive motor

l Article

by That Blind, May See, Les Alsterlund, A Review Of Blindsight, Its Implications, Dominick Maino, For Optometrists
"... Can the blind see? Blindsight is residual visual capacity in a field defect secondary to damaged striate cortex without conscious awareness. This phenomenon was discovered when patients with this form of field loss were given forced-choice testing. Although the subjects denied seeing anything, their ..."
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, their accuracy was much better than one would achieve by chance. This paper reviews the different residual visual capacities, ex plores the neural pathways responsible for blindsight, and discuss the theories of how awareness occurs. This topic has implications for optom etry with respect to rehabilitation ofthe
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