Existing models for describing a process (such as a business process or a software development process) tend to focus on the \what " or the \how " of the process. For example, a health insurance claim process would typically be described in terms of a number of steps for assessing

The theoretical framework presented in this article explains expert performance as the end result of individuals ' prolonged efforts to improve performance while negotiating motivational and external constraints. In most domains of expertise, individuals begin in their childhood a regimen

and perspectives adopted in these areas often differ in substantial ways, many planning problems of interest to researchers in these fields can be modeled as Markov decision processes (MDPs) and analyzed using the techniques of decision theory. This paper presents an overview and synthesis of MDP

? This thesis provides a clarification of trust. We present a formalism for trust which provides us with a tool for precise discussion. The formalism is implementable: it can be embedded in an artificial agent, enabling the agent to make trust-based decisions. Its applicability in the domain of Distributed

rate to schoolchildren. LSA uses no prior linguistic or perceptual similarity knowledge; it is based solely on a general mathematical learning method that achieves powerful inductive effects by extracting the right number of dimensions (e.g., 300) to represent objects and contexts. Relations to other

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be useful for a first course on information retrieval as well as for a graduate course on the topic. The book

for additive expansions based on any tting criterion. Specic algorithms are presented for least{squares, least{absolute{deviation, and Huber{M loss functions for regression, and multi{class logistic likelihood for classication. Special enhancements are derived for the particular case where the individual

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