Covalent modification of histone proteins plays a role in virtually every process on eukaryotic DNA, from transcription to DNA repair. Many different residues can be covalently modified, and it has been suggested that these modifications occur in a great number of independent, meaningful combinations. Published low-resolution microarray studies on the combinatorial complexity of histone modification patterns suffer from confounding effects caused by the averaging of modification levels over multiple nucleosomes. To overcome this problem, we used a high-resolution tiled microarray with single-nucleosome resolution to investigate the occurrence of combinations of 12 histone modifications on thousands of nucleosomes in actively growing S. cerevisiae. We found that histone modifications do not occur independently; there are roughly two groups of co-occurring modifications. One group of lysine acetylations shows a sharply defined domain of two hypo-acetylated nucleosomes, adjacent to the transcriptional start site, whose occurrence does not correlate with transcription levels. The other group consists of modifications occurring in gradients through the coding regions of genes in a pattern associated with transcription. We found no evidence for a deterministic code of many discrete states, but instead we saw blended, continuous patterns that distinguish nucleosomes at one location (e.g., promoter nucleosomes) from those at another location (e.g., over the 39 ends of coding regions). These results are consistent with the idea of a simple, redundant histone code, in which multiple

2,3-Butanediol (2,3-BD) is a major metabolite produced by Klebsiella pneumoniae KCTC2242, which is a important chemical with wide applications. Three genes important for 2,3-BD biosynthesis acetolactate decarboxylase (budA), acetolactate synthase (budB), and alcohol dehydrogenase (budC) were identified in K. pneumoniae genomic DNA. With the goal of enhancing 2,3-BD production, these genes were cloned into pUC18K expression vectors containing the lacZ promoter and the kanamycin resistance gene to generate plasmids pSB1-7. The plasmids were then introduced into K. pneumoniae using electroporation. All strains were incubated in flask experiments and 2,3-BD production was increased by 60 % in recombinant bacteria harboring pSB04 (budA and budB genes), compared with the parental strain K. pneumoniae KCTC2242. The maximum 2,3-BD production level achieved through fed-batch fermentation with K. pneumoniae SGJSB04 was 101.53 g/l over 40 h with a productivity of 2.54 g/l.h. These results suggest that overexpression of 2,3-BD synthesis-related genes can enhance 2,3-BD production in K. pneumoniae by fermentation.

biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, perfluorinated

We have systematically investigated the electronic structure of CeO2 dielectric by plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition (PE-ALD). The CeO2 films were deposited by using novel tris(isopropyl-cyclopentadienyl)cerium [Ce(iPrCp)3] precursor and O2 plasma. The energy band gap (3.48 eV), Fermi level (4.71 eV), and band offsets of PE-ALD CeO2 were elaborately determined by combining spectroscopic ellipsometry and ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS) techniques. In addition, based on the ex-perimental results of Fowler-Nordheim(F-N) tunneling and Poole-Frenkel(P-F) conduction for Al/PE-ALD CeO2/p-Si, the increased interfacial layer and reduced trapped oxide densities were found to be correlated to the increase in effective barrier height (0.89, 1.18 and 1.26 eV) and decrease in decreased trap energy levels (0.47, 0.26 and 0.18 eV) with increasing O2 annealing temperature (400, 600 and 800C), respectively. These discrepancies might be attributed to the thin film characteristics and oxygen vacancies in the CeO2 dielectrics, depending on the deposition techniques and post deposition annealing processes. VC 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3625611] All rights reserved.

Abstract. The active magnetic bearing system has been studied for long period. Comparing with long research history, the AMB application into industrial field is shown slowly for various causes. One of primary factor is to make up exclusive controller which can generate fast linear current output. Thus, this paper developed the exclusive AMB controller mounted high speed DSP which can operate so fast control calculation that improve system response ability. Especially, to consider the fusion of AMB system and control software, the development is conducted in HILS system with dSPACE from the beginning. Although HILS system is adopted, the developed ABM controller simplified the whole system and could make up optimized control algorithm promptly by measuring and applying the system gain and characteristics of them monitored by the HILS system in real time.

Experimental phasing using zinc anomalous scattering

Abstract. In the case of hydraulic power system of ships or marine facilities, many kinds of mechanical, electrical, hydraulic components are connected to each other very complicatedly. It is very hard to disassemble or reconfigure the hydraulic system. Therefore there are increasing demands from industry for a stand-alone type actuator and a valve remote control system. Valve remote control system (VRCS) is a convenient system which it possible to operate the valves installed in the cargo or ballast tanks from the remote wheelhouse. This paper is dealing with a new stand-alone type hydraulic actuator for a valve remote control system. The stand-alone type hydraulic actuator consists of a gear pump, an AC motor, a check valve, a relief valve and a controller. We try to design and implement the stand-alone type hydraulic actuator and this tries to be verified through an experiment. This research is a contribution to simplify a hydraulic system, improve responsibility of dynamic power system, and reduce an energy loss in a ships or marine facilities.

This e-book is devoted to Global Optimization algorithms, which are methods for finding solutions of high quality for an incredible wide range of problems. We introduce the basic concepts of optimization and discuss features which make optimization problems difficult and thus, should be considered when trying to solve them. In this book, we focus on

Covalent modification of histone proteins plays a role in virtually every process on eukaryotic DNA, from transcription to DNA repair. Many different residues can be covalently modified, and it has been suggested that these modifications occur in a great number of independent, meaningful combinations. Published low-resolution microarray studies on the combinatorial complexity of histone modification patterns suffer from confounding effects caused by the averaging of modification levels over multiple nucleosomes. To overcome this problem, we used a high-resolution tiled microarray with single-nucleosome resolution to investigate the occurrence of combinations of 12 histone modifications on thousands of nucleosomes in actively growing S. cerevisiae. We found that histone modifications do not occur independently; there are roughly two groups of co-occurring modifications. One group of lysine acetylations shows a sharply defined domain of two hypo-acetylated nucleosomes, adjacent to the transcriptional start site, whose occurrence does not correlate with transcription levels. The other group consists of modifications occurring in gradients through the coding regions of genes in a pattern associated with transcription. We found no evidence for a deterministic code of many discrete states, but instead we saw blended, continuous patterns that distinguish nucleosomes at one location (e.g., promoter nucleosomes) from those at another location (e.g., over the 39 ends of coding regions). These results are consistent with the idea of a simple, redundant histone code, in which multiple

Propriétés électriques et modélisation des dispositifs MOS avancés: FD-SOI dispositif, transistors sans jonctions (JLT) et transistor à couche mince semi-conducteur oxyde amorphe Thèse soutenue publiquement le 23 Octobre 2013, devant le jury composé de: