Abstract—We investigate the problem of estimating the transmission time of fragmented messages over multiple disrupted links. We build a system model for the case where a single message is sent over a chain of links and the disruptions in these links are identically and independently distributed

X passes to its parent U; is given by: and the message X sends to its child Y j is given by: k;Cj For noisy-or links between parents and children, there exists an analytic expression for 1r( x) and Ax ( u;) that avoids the exhaustive enumeration over parent config urations We made a slight

messages in disrupted networks; and (2) develop methods to analytically estimate the mean transmission time of fragmented message within a basic system model for the case of transmission over a single disrupted link. I.

Abstract—In networks with unstable links fragmentation of a message into smaller pieces before transmission can reduce message blocking due to disrupted transmission and increase the utilization of contact durations; thus increasing the connectivity of the network for large messages. In this paper

rendering it more likely that a link breaks in the middle of a message transfer. This motivates investigating how to support partial message transfers through fragmentation. In this paper, we formulate fragmentation independent of routing algorithms, introduce several fragmentation strategies, and evaluate

as it is copied, stored, passed in messages, and as the target migrates. A reference is used to invoke a procedure (or method) of the target object. References support standard single-space targets, as well as fragmented objects [9]. The cost of using a reference to a local object is comparable to the cost

We consider the problem of routing in a delay tolerant net-work (DTN) in the presence of path failures. Previous work on DTN routing has focused on using precisely known network dy-namics, which does not account for message losses due to link failures, buffer overruns, path selection errors

. Globalization is highly selective. It proceeds by linking up all that, according to dominant interests, has value anywhere in the planet, and discarding anything (people, rms, territories, resources) which has no value or becomes devalued, in a variable geometry of creative destruction and destructive creation

We adapted a fusion polymerase chain reaction (PCR) strategy to synthesize gene disruption alleles of any sequenced yeast gene of interest. The first step of the construction is to amplify sequences flanking the reading frame we want to disrupt and to amplify the selectable marker sequence. Then we

Abstract. We report the experimental observation of the disruption of the superfluid atomic current flowing through an array of weakly linked Bose-Einstein condensates. The condensates are trapped in an optical lattice superimposed on a harmonic magnetic potential. The dynamical response