-scale fading: body shadowing (due to the orientation of the person holding the device) and shadowing due to surrounding objects (lateral movement). We also define and parameterize a complete statistical model for all fading. Index Terms—Personal area networks, channel measurements, statistical channel model

importance. In addition, when analysing the performance of Rake receivers to be used in WCDMA systems it is often assumed that resolvable multipath groups (i.e. delay line model taps) have equal average power and independent, Rayleigh fading statistics. However propagation mea-surements conducted in downtown

simulators for performance evaluation. The impact of shadowing caused by other vehicles has, however, largely been neglected in most of the models, as well as in the system simulations. In this paper we present a shadow fading model targeting system simulations based on real measurements performed in urban

-spectral (MS) images. In the case study, we use 4 m-resolution multi-spectral IKONOS image and 1 m-resolution digital surface model (DSM), which is derived from airborne laser scanning data. We predict shadow areas of a multi-spectral image by using the hillshade algorithm based on meta data of the image (sun

. It is shown that the wideband channel simulator will be reduced to a narrowband Rayleigh fading-channel simulator by removing the frequency selectivity. Furthermore, the COST 207 typical-urban and rural-area channels are applied to evaluate the performance of the resulting wideband and narrowband channel

at the transmitter and the receiver, and perfect fast or average power control. Based on the measurement data of XPD and envelope correlation in an urban environment, two spatially separated dual-polarized antennas are shown to outperform two spatially separated vertical antennas between 2.25-2.4 dB and 4-4.3 d

offer an exact mathematical model to analyze the performance of a local-mean-based macrodiversity cellular system in a shadowed-Rician (desired)/shadowed-Rayleigh (interfering) channel. We investigate the impact of both fading (Rician or Rayleigh) and shadowing in terms of cochannel interference (CCI

predicted by the channel model, but with spacings of about 20 m the correlation significantly decreases. Index Terms—radio propagation, channel sounding, antenna arrays, RMS delay spread, cooperative communications, corre-lation measurements I.

Abstract—In this paper we analyze properties of Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) channels in urban macro-cell environments based on a narrow-band measurements campaign with simultaneous measurements from two sites. We investigate joint properties of log-fading, angle-spread, and angular

for image interpretation and restoration of objects from their stereo images. The generated model of objects in urban areas is applied for image orthorectification. The areas of buildings ’ roofs, walls, shadows and visible terrain were separated. The used vector model of buildings is projected over