Scripting languages like Python, R, and MATLAB have seen signif-icant use across a variety of scientific domains. To assist scientists in the analysis of script executions, a number of mechanisms, e.g., noWorkflow, have been recently proposed to capture the prove-nance of script executions

El Salvador, Guatemala is a, study in black and white. On the left is a collection of extreme Marxist-Leninist groups led by what one diplomat calls “a pretty faceless bunch of people.’ ’ On the right is an entrenched elite that has dominated Central America’s most populous country since a CIA-backed coup deposed the reformist government of Col. Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán in 1954. Moderates of the political center. embattled but alive in E1 Salvador, have virtually disappeared in Guatemala-joining more than 30.000 victims of terror over the last tifteen vears. “The situation in Guatemala is much more serious than in EI Salvador, ” declares one Latin American diplomat. “The oligarchy is that much more reactionary. and the choices are far fewer. “ ‘Zero’: The Guatemalan oligarchs hated Jimmy Carter for cutting off U.S. military aid in 1977 to protest human-rights abuses-and the right-wingers hired marimba bands and set off firecrackers on the night Ronald Reagan was elected. They considered Reagan an ideological kinsman and believed they had a special

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For more than thirty years, people have relied primarily on screen-based text and graphics to interact with computers. Whether the screen is placed on a desk, held in one's hand, worn on one's head, or embedded in the physical environment, the screen has cultivated a predominantly visual paradigm of human-computer interaction. In this chapter, we discuss a growing space of interfaces in which physical objects play a central role as both physical representations and controls for digital information. We present an interaction model and key characteristics for such "tangible user interfaces," and explore these characteristics in a number of interface examples. This discussion supports a newly integrated view of both recent and previous work, and points the way towards new kinds of computationally-mediated interfaces that more seamlessly weave together the physical and digital worlds.

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A central problem of representative democracy is how to ensure that policy decisions are responsive to the interests or preferences of citizens. The U.S. Constitution deals with the electoral side of this problem by con-structing institutional safeguards and incentive structures designed to make elected representatives responsive to citizens. But making policy involves more than decisions by elected legislators and the president. Inevitably, elected officials delegate considerable polieymaking authority to unelected bureaucrats. Because elected ollicials have limited resources for monitoring agency performance, the possibility arises that bureaucrats will not comply with their policy preferences. This gives rise to the question bow—or, in-deed, whether—elected political officials can reasonably effectively assure that their policy intentions will be carried out. This paper explores the principles of the political control of bureaucratic decisions. In so doing, we seek to develop a unifying conceptual framework lor two general types of controls: "oversight"—monitoring, rewarding, and punishing bureaucratic behavior—and administrative procedures. We begin with the premise that the political control of agencies is a principal-agent problem. In general, principal-agent problems do not have

Abstract. We propose noWorkflow, a tool that transparently captures provenance of scripts and enables reproducibility. Unlike existing ap-proaches, noWorkflow is non-intrusive and does not require users to change the way they work – users need not wrap their experiments in scientific workflow

Having completed an MA at York University, Gareth Williams now intends to become a lawyer. The views expressed in this publication are those of its author, and not necessarily those of the Libertarian Alliance, its Committee, Advisory Council or subscribers.