R factor = 0.061; wR factor = 0.149; data-to-parameter ratio = 15.8. There are two molecules in the asymmetric unit molecule of the title compound, C8H10ClN3O2. Intramolecular N—H O hydrogen bonds stabilize the molecular structure. There are no classical intermolecular hydrogen bonds in the crystal structure. Related literature For the biological activity of 6-chloro-N-isopropyl-3-nitropyridin-2-amine

We describe the basic assumptions and key results of loop quantum gravity, which is a background independent approach to quantum gravity. The emphasis is on the basic physical principles and how one deduces predictions from them, at a level suitable for physicists in other areas such as string theory, cosmology, particle physics, astrophysics and condensed matter physics. No details are given, but references are provided to guide the interested reader to the literature. The present state of knowledge is summarized in a list of 35 key results on topics including the hamiltonian and path integral quantizations, coupling to matter, extensions to supergravity and higher dimensional theories, as well as applications to black holes, cosmology and Plank scale phenomenology. We describe the near term prospects for observational tests of quantum theories of gravity and the expectations that loop quantum gravity may provide predictions for their outcomes. Finally, we provide answers to frequently asked questions and a list of key open problems.

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study and detached eddy simulation of the macro-instability in an eccentric stirred tank

Computers understand very little of the meaning of human language. This profoundly limits our ability to give instructions to computers, the ability of computers to explain their actions to us, and the ability of computers to analyse and process text. Vector space models (VSMs) of semantics are beginning to address these limits. This paper surveys the use of VSMs for semantic processing of text. We organize the literature on VSMs according to the structure of the matrix in a VSM. There are currently three broad classes of VSMs, based on term–document, word–context, and pair–pattern matrices, yielding three classes of applications. We survey a broad range of applications in these three categories and we take a detailed look at a specific open source project in each category. Our goal in this survey is to show the breadth of applications of VSMs for semantics, to provide a new perspective on VSMs for those who are already familiar with the area, and to provide pointers into the literature for those who are less familiar with the field. 1.

Shareholder rights vary across �rms. Using the incidence of 24 governance rules, we construct a “Governance Index ” to proxy for the level of shareholder rights at about 1500 large �rms during the 1990s. An investment strategy that bought �rms in the lowest decile of the index (strongest rights) and sold �rms in the highest decile of the index (weakest rights) would have earned abnormal returns of 8.5 percent per year during the sample period. We �nd that �rms with stronger shareholder rights had higher �rm value, higher pro�ts, higher sales growth, lower capital expenditures, and made fewer corporate acquisitions. I.

We investigate the use of dimensionality reduction to improve performance for a new class of data analysis software called "recommender systems". Recommender systems apply knowledge discovery techniques to the problem of making product recommendations during a live customer interaction. These systems are achieving widespread success in E-commerce nowadays, especially with the advent of the Internet. The tremendous growth of customers and products poses three key challenges for recommender systems in the E-commerce domain. These are: producing high quality recommendations, performing many recommendations per second for millions of customers and products, and achieving high coverage in the face of data sparsity. One successful recommender system technology is collaborative filtering , which works by matching customer preferences to other customers in making recommendations. Collaborative filtering has been shown to produce high quality recommendations, but the performance degrades with ...

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munications technologies allow even the smallest firms to build partnerships with for-eign producers to tap overseas expertise, cost-savings, and markets... The scarce re-source in this new environment is the ability to locate foreign partners quickly and to man-age complex business relationships across cul-tural and linguistic boundaries... [T]he Chinese and Indian entrepreneurs of Silicon Valley... are creating social structures that enable even the smallest producers to locate and maintain mutually beneficial collabo-rations across long distances. [AnnaLee Saxenian 1999, pp. 54–55] 1.