their students vary according to their experience, beliefs, and local contextual factors. We discuss implications for further motivation research as well as classroom practice. 128 JALT Journal, 34.2 • November 2012 L earning a foreign language is a difficult and challenging process and to keep studying

students consider social and affective factors related to evolution. Keywords: misconceptions, conceptual-change, intentional design, evolution acceptance Scientists frequently attribute the public misunderstanding of evolution largely to conservative religious influences or dubious political motivations

I would like to express my appreciation for the help of

As this master thesis marks the end of my studies at Delft University of Technology, I would like to use this opportunity and thank everyone who has influenced my two-year journey. Those last two years have not been easy. In fact, it has been the most challenging, stressful, and at the same time

I declare that this thesis is my own account of my research and contains as its main content work which has not previously been submitted for a degree at any tertiary education institution.

I would like to thank Prof. Dr. Torsten Braun, head of the Computer Network and Distributed Systems group (RVS), for supervising this work and for his insightful advises. Prof. Dr. Torsten Braun encouraged and motivated me to publish my research results and he provided me the opportunity to present

and good working conditions. Motivation and Priorities given to the Teachers The findings of this study revealed that low salary and delay of payment affect teacher's motivation. One interviewed teacher says that: The problem that I face is, low and delays in getting my salary and lack of school

for discussions and advice. I would like to thank Arnaud Durand and Patrice Ossona de Mendez for accepting to review this thesis and for their constructive comments on the earlier versions of this manuscript. Many thanks to Nicole Bidoit and Victor Vianu for accepting to be in my jury. Special thanks go to my

Abstract not found

Adolf Grünbaum contends that he has discovered in Freud’s writings a hitherto overlooked thesis (the Tally Argument), enunciated by Freud to underwrite his psychoanalytic method of clinical investigation. (The Foundations of Psycho-analysis, 1984:127-72). He claims that until at least 1917, and possibly up to 1926, Freud invoked the unique efficacy of analytic therapy to vindicate the Freudian theory of personality, including the specific aetiologies of the psychoneuroses and the general theory of psychosexual development (Foun-dations: 140-1). In this article I shall argue (1) that the Tally Argument itself is defective, and (2) that Freud did not invoke it as Grünbaum claims. In short, I shall argue that Grünbaum’s Tally Argument thesis is untenable and, as a corollary, that his depiction of Freud as a ’sophisticated scientific methodologist’ is misconceived.