This e-book is devoted to Global Optimization algorithms, which are methods for finding solutions of high quality for an incredible wide range of problems. We introduce the basic concepts of optimization and discuss features which make optimization problems difficult and thus, should be considered when trying to solve them. In this book, we focus on

The joint workshop event LWA 2008 (Lernen-Wissen-Adaptivität) was held held from Oct., 6-8 2008 in Würzburg, Germany. Like in the years before the LWA hosted a broad scope of workshops of the special interest groups for

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This biennial Review summarizes much of particle physics. Using data from previous editions, plus 2658 new measurements from 644 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles

The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,283 new measurements from 899 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We

The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,283 new measurements from 899 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We

analysis tasks outside of word sense disambiguation, the Senseval Committee changed the name of the evaluation exercises to SemEval. SemEval-2007 was very successful. Our call for tasks solicited 27 task proposals. After a careful review process and a call for interest in participation, we selected 18

The renaissance stimulated by the field of Computer Science is generating multiple formats and channels of communication and creativity. IJACSA is one of the most prominent publications in the field and engaging the ubiquitous spread of subject knowledge with effectiveness in all classes

previous efforts to parse NPs, making it impossible to perform the supervised experi-ments that have achieved high performance in so many Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. We comprehensively solve this problem by manually annotating NP structure for the entire Wall Street Journal section of the Penn

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