- A historical peculiarity or a renewed spiritual paradigm?

A promoter-level mammalian expression atlas

X chromosomes are unusual in many regards, not least of which is their nonrandom gene content. The causes of this bias are commonly discussed in the context of sexual antago-nism and the avoidance of activity in the male germline. Here, we examine the notion that, at least in some taxa, functionally biased gene content may more profoundly be shaped by limits imposed on gene expression owing to haploid expression of the X chromosome. Notably, if the X, as in primates, is transcribed at rates comparable to the ancestral rate (per promoter) prior to the X chromosome formation, then the X is not a tolerable environment for genes with very high maximal net levels of expression, owing to transcriptional traffic jams. We test this hypothesis using The Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) and data from the Functional Annotation of the Mammalian Genome (FANTOM5) project. As pre-dicted, the maximal expression of human X-linked genes is much lower than that of genes on autosomes: on average, maximal expression is three times lower on the X chromosome than on autosomes. Similarly, autosome-to-X retroposition events are associated with lower maximal expression of retrogenes on the X than seen for X-to-autosome retrogenes

Selective list of monographs, articles in periodicals (journals and magazines but generally not newspapers except for analytical and other articles by principal summit personalities and reports of reference value), and governmental and international organization publications. Items listed deal entirely or partly with the G7/G8 or with G7/G8-related issues. Methodological note: this bibliography is based on searches of catalogues of various major libraries, and a number of databases, indexes and bibliographies. Wherever possible, items were inspected prior to inclusion in the bibliography. Note on web addresses and links (URLs): websites tend to appear, change or disappear, often without warning. URLs cited in this bibliography were accurate and active at the time of final compilation (March-April 2004) unless otherwise noted. For their important and various contributions, I wish to thank Professor John Kirton and

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my thesis adviser, Robert D. Van Valin, Jr. This thesis would not have appeared without him and his theory (RRG). His assistance in the process of writing this thesis was extraordinary. He always gave me sound and sharp comments and readily answered all of my questions, including very trivial ones. I feel very fortunate and grateful to have completed this thesis under his guidance. I would also like to thank the other two members of my thesis committee, Mitsuaki Shimojo and Robert Hoeing, for reading the thesis and giving me many insightful comments. I learned from Shimojo-sensee Japanese language pedagogy as well as Japanese linguistics. I was fortunate to work for him as a research assistant during the summer in 1999 for his project on the internally-headed relative clause in Japanese, which was later published as Shimojo (2002). Bob readily accepted my offer to be the third reader of my thesis. His questions reminded me of things I would not have thought of. I am also grateful to all the faculty members in the Linguistics Department at UB, including, especially, Matthew Dryer, Jeri Jaeger, Jean-Pierre Koenig, and David Zubin. I learned, from all of them, so much about linguistics and, especially, the joy of doing linguistics.

who grew up with my dissertation iii

The Self-Organizing Map (SOM) algorithm has attracted an ever increasing amount ofinterest among researches and practitioners in a wide variety of elds. The SOM and a variant of it, the LVQ, have been analyzed extensively, a number of variants of them have been developed and, perhaps most notably, they have been applied extensively within elds ranging from engineering sciences to medicine, biology, and economics. We have collected a comprehensive list of 3343 scienti c papers that use the algorithms, have bene ted from them, or contain analyses of them. The list is intended to serve as a source for literature surveys. We haveprovided both a thematic andakeyword index to help nding articles of interest. 1

collectanea himalayica

After attending the Scientific Meeting participants should be better able to: 1. To understand current concepts of function of normal and diseased ears and other head and neck structures. 2. To understand current controversies in research methods and findings that bear on this understanding. 3. To understand what are considered to be the key research questions and promising areas of research in otolaryngology. ISSN-0742-3152 The Abstracts of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology is published annually and consists of abstracts presented at the Annual MidWinter Research Meeting. A limited number of copies of this and previous books of abstracts (1978-2002) is available. Please address your order or inquiry to:

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